Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in five US jurisdictions: Comparison of Delta and Omicron variants.

Households are a significant source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, even during periods of low community-level spread. Comparing household transmission rates by SARS-CoV-2 variant may provide relevant information about current risks and prevention strategies. This investigation aimed to estimate differences in household transmission risk comparing the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants using data from contact tracing and interviews conducted from November 2021 through February 2022 in five U.

A reliable, colloidal synthesis method of the orthorhombic chalcogenide perovskite, BaZrS, and related ABS nanomaterials (A = Sr, Ba; B = Ti, Zr, Hf): a step forward for earth-abundant, functional materials.

Recently, chalcogenide perovskites, of the form ABX, where typically A = alkaline earth metals Ca, Sr, or Ba; B = group IV transition metals Zr or Hf; and X = chalcogens S or Se, have become of interest for their potential optoelectronic properties. In this work, we build upon recent studies and show a general synthesis protocol, involving the use of carbon disulfide insertion chemistry, to generate highly reactive precursors that can be used towards the colloidal synthesis of numerous ABS nanomaterials, including BaTiS, BaZrS, BaHfS, α-SrZrS and α-SrHfS. We overcome the shortcomings in the current literature where BaZrS nanoparticles are synthesized in separate phases colloidal methods and lack a reproducible protocol for orthorhombic perovskite nanoparticles.

Idiopathic recurrent ischemic priapism: a review of current literature and an algorithmic approach to evaluation and management.

Background: Stuttering priapism is characterized by recurrent, self-limited episodes of penile erection lasting from a few minutes to a maximum of three hours, often resolving spontaneously. These episodes can occur with or without sexual stimulation. If not treated promptly and effectively, stuttering priapism can severely impact a patient's quality of life, leading to significant psychological distress and anxiety related to sexual performance.

Venturing Past Uranium: Synthesis of a Np(IV) Polyoxomolybdate-Alkoxide Sandwich Complex.

The synthesis of a Np(IV) polyoxomolybdate-alkoxide sandwich complex, (TBA)[Np{MoO(OMe)NO}] (TBA = tetrabutylammonium), is reported. This compound represents a rare example of a neptunium polyoxometalate cluster isolated outside of water, allowing for characterization of its electrochemical properties in nonaqueous solvents. Complexation of An(IV) cations fine-tunes the redox properties of the cluster, with the observed four reversible reductive events varying slightly both in potential and peak separation depending on the actinide present.

Lewis base adducts of NpCl.

Np(IV) Lewis base adducts were prepared by ligand substitution of NpCl(DME). Using acetonitrile and pyridine, NpCl(MeCN) (1) and NpCl(pyr) (2) were isolated, respectively. Addition of -butylbipyridine and triphenylphosphine oxide generated the respective Lewis base adducts, NpCl(Bipy) (3) and NpCl(OPPh) (4).

U.S. Preparedness and Response to Increasing Clade I Mpox Cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo - United States, 2024.

Clade I monkeypox virus (MPXV), which can cause severe illness in more people than clade II MPXVs, is endemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but the country has experienced an increase in suspected cases during 2023-2024. In light of the 2022 global outbreak of clade II mpox, the increase in suspected clade I cases in DRC raises concerns that the virus could spread to other countries and underscores the importance of coordinated, urgent global action to support DRC's efforts to contain the virus. To date, no cases of clade I mpox have been detected outside of countries in Central Africa where the virus is endemic.

Solution and solid-state characterization of rare silyluranium(III) complexes.

A uranium(III) silylate complex [K(DME)][UI{(Si(SiMe)SiMe)O}] (1) was stabilized by the addition of 18-crown-6, forming [K(18-crown-6)][UI{(Si(SiMe)SiMe)O}] (1-crown). Crystallization under multiple conditions resulted in three distinct molecular structures. Compound 1-crown was further characterized in the solution state H, C, and Si NMR spectroscopy, and electronic absorption spectroscopy.

Health-related quality of life in family caregivers of autistic adults.

Introduction: Family members of autistic individuals often provide support for their autistic relative throughout the lifespan which can lead to massive burden themselves. Reduced health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in family caregivers is assumed; however, only a handful studies on the HRQoL of family caregivers providing care to adult relatives exist as opposed to autistic children. Thus, the current study aimed to (i) investigate the current state of physical and mental HRQoL of family caregivers of autistic adults compared to the general population, and (ii) examine caregiver-related (e.

Metal-Ligand Redox Cooperativity in Cerium Amine-/Amido-Phenolate-Type Complexes.

The synthesis and characterization of two cerium complexes of redox-active amine/amido-phenolate-type ligands are reported. A tripodal framework comprising the tris(2-(3',5'-di--butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)amino-phenyl) amine (HClamp) proligand was synthesized for comparison of its cerium complex with a potassium-cerium heterobimetallic complex of the 4,6-di--butyl-2-[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]quinone (ap) proligand. Structural studies indicate differences in the cerium(III) cation coordination spheres, where Ce(CHCN)(HClamp) () exhibits shorter Ce-O distances and longer Ce-N bond distances compared to the analogous distances in K(THF)Ce(ap) (), due to the gross structural differences between the systems.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Reduction of Thorium Pyridinediimine Complexes.

A family of thorium complexes featuring the redox-noninnocent pyridinediimine ligand PDI was synthesized, including (PDI)ThCl (), (PDI)ThCl(THF) (), (PDI)ThCl(THF) () and [(PDI)Th(THF)] () Full characterization of these species shows that these complexes feature PDI in four different oxidation states. The electronic structures of these complexes have been explored using H NMR and electronic absorption spectroscopies, X-ray crystallography, and SQUID magnetometry where appropriate.

Safety, Immunogenicity, and Regimen Selection of Ad26.RSV.preF-Based Vaccine Combinations: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1/2a Study.

Background: Ad26.RSV.preF is an adenovirus serotype 26 vector-based respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine encoding a prefusion conformation-stabilized RSV fusion protein (preF) that demonstrated robust humoral and cellular immunogenicity and showed promising efficacy in a human challenge study in younger adults.

A phase 1, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an mRNA-based chikungunya virus vaccine in healthy adults.

Background: Chikungunya, a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), causes a significant global health burden, and there is currently no approved vaccine to prevent chikungunya disease. In this study, the safety and immunogenicity of a CHIKV mRNA vaccine candidate (mRNA-1388) were evaluated in healthy participants in a CHIKV-nonendemic region.

Methods: This phase 1, first-in-human, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study enrolled healthy adults (ages 18-49 years) between July 2017 and March 2019 in the United States.

Travel history among persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the United States, December 2020-February 2021.

The first three SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic lineages classified as variants of concern (VOCs) in the United States (U.S.) from December 15, 2020 to February 28, 2021, Alpha (B.

Current and Emerging Therapies for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction in Hypertriglyceridemia.

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a prevalent medical condition in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors and is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), if left undiagnosed and undertreated. Current guidelines identify HTG as a risk-enhancing factor and, as a result, recommend clinical evaluation and lifestyle-based interventions to address potential secondary causes of elevated triglyceride (TG) levels. For individuals with mild to moderate HTG at risk of ASCVD, statin therapy alone or in combination with other lipid-lowering medications known to decrease ASCVD risk are guideline-endorsed.

Effect of Predeparture Testing on Postarrival SARS-CoV-2-Positive Test Results Among International Travelers - CDC Traveler-Based Genomic Surveillance Program, Four U.S. Airports, March-September 2022.

Beginning December 6, 2021, all international air passengers boarding flights to the United States were required to show either a negative result from a SARS-CoV-2 viral test taken ≤1 day before departure or proof of recovery from COVID-19 within the preceding 90 days (1). As of June 12, 2022, predeparture testing was no longer mandatory but remained recommended by CDC (2,3). Various modeling studies have estimated that predeparture testing the day before or the day of air travel reduces transmission or importation of SARS-CoV-2 by 31%-76% (4-7).

Synthesis of BaZrS and BaHfS Chalcogenide Perovskite Films Using Single-Phase Molecular Precursors at Moderate Temperatures.

Chalcogenide perovskites have garnered interest for applications in semiconductor devices due to their excellent predicted optoelectronic properties and stability. However, high synthesis temperatures have historically made these materials incompatible with the creation of photovoltaic devices. Here, we demonstrate the solution processed synthesis of luminescent BaZrS and BaHfS chalcogenide perovskite films using single-phase molecular precursors at sulfurization temperatures of 575 °C and sulfurization times as short as one hour.

Efficacy and Safety of an Ad26.RSV.preF-RSV preF Protein Vaccine in Older Adults.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause serious lower respiratory tract disease in older adults, but no licensed RSV vaccine currently exists. An adenovirus serotype 26 RSV vector encoding a prefusion F (preF) protein (Ad26.RSV.

A Novel Lepidoptera bioassay analysed using a reduced GUTS model.

Lepidopteran species can be both pests and also beneficial pollinators for agricultural crops. However, despite these important roles, the effects of pesticides on this diverse taxa are relatively understudied. To facilitate the assessment of pesticides and other chemical hazards on this taxa, we present a novel bioassay capable of testing chemical sensitivity to lepidopteran larvae through dietary exposure.

Modelling the effects of the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin on the life cycle of the soil dwelling annelid Enchytraeus crypticus, an original experimental design to calibrate a DEB-TKTD model.

The Dynamic Energy Budget theory (DEB) enables ecotoxicologists to model the effects of chemical stressors on organism life cycles through the coupling of toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) models. While good progress has been made in the application of DEB-TKTD models for aquatic organisms, applications for soil fauna are scarce, due to the lack of dedicated experimental designs suitable for collecting the required time series effect data. Enchytraeids (Annelida: Clitellata) are model organisms in soil ecology and ecotoxicology.