An Analysis of Workplace-Based Assessments for Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency: Does Type of Clinical Assessor Influence Level of Supervision Ratings?

Purpose: The authors describe use of the workplace-based assessment (WBA) coactivity scale according to entrustable professional activities (EPAs) and assessor type to examine how diverse assessors rate medical students using WBAs.

Method: A WBA data collection system was launched at Oregon Health and Science University to visualize learner competency in various clinical settings to foster EPA assessment. WBA data from January 14 to June 18, 2021, for medical students (all years) were analyzed.

Impact of Students' Scheduling Choice on Clerkship Examination Score Performance in a Time-Varying Competency-Based Curriculum.

Purpose: Standardized end-of-clerkship examinations typically occur on the last day of the clerkship. However, recent trends toward time-varying competency-based medical education have offered students more test scheduling flexibility, creating an opportunity to study the impact of student-selected examination timing.

Method: Starting with the graduating class of 2018, students took the required standardized end-of-core clerkship examinations at any available time they chose during their clinical years.

The Virtual Interview Experience: Perspectives of Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellowship Applicants.

Background: Because of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, graduate medical education programs adopted virtual interviews (VIs) as the default modality for the 2020 recruitment season. It is unknown whether VIs allowed applicants to effectively evaluate programs, and the best interview format for the future is unclear.

Objective: To ) assess pulmonary and critical care applicants' perceived ability to evaluate programs using VIs, ) determine the attitudes of applicants toward the components of VIs, and ) identify applicants' preferences for the future fellowship interview format.

Ponatinib coronary microangiopathy: novel bedside diagnostic approach and management with N-acetylcysteine.

Ponatinib produces a coronary microangiopathy that mimics myocardial infarction and can be detected rapidly by contrast echocardiography. N-acetylcysteine therapy can potentially resolve ischemic complications caused by ponatinib-related microangiopathy.

Pathogenesis of bronchiectasis.

The pathogenesis of bronchiectasis cannot be explained by a single cause. The current model is a vicious cycle of inflammation and altered response to infection. This cycle depends not only on the type and virulence of the pathogen but also on the host immune response.

Muscarinic receptor antagonists, from folklore to pharmacology; finding drugs that actually work in asthma and COPD.

In the lungs, parasympathetic nerves provide the dominant control of airway smooth muscle with release of acetylcholine onto M3 muscarinic receptors. Treatment of airway disease with anticholinergic drugs that block muscarinic receptors began over 2000 years ago. Pharmacologic data all indicated that antimuscarinic drugs should be highly effective in asthma but clinical results were mixed.

Three days after a single exposure to ozone, the mechanism of airway hyperreactivity is dependent on substance P and nerve growth factor.

Ozone causes persistent airway hyperreactivity in humans and animals. One day after ozone exposure, airway hyperreactivity is mediated by release of eosinophil major basic protein that inhibits neuronal M(2) muscarinic receptors, resulting in increased acetylcholine release and increased smooth muscle contraction in guinea pigs. Three days after ozone, IL-1β, not eosinophils, mediates ozone-induced airway hyperreactivity, but the mechanism at this time point is largely unknown.