Structural similarity analysis of midfacial fractures-a feasibility study.

The structural similarity index metric is used to measure the similarity between two images. The aim here was to study the feasibility of this metric to measure the structural similarity and fracture characteristics of midfacial fractures in computed tomography (CT) datasets following radiation dose reduction, iterative reconstruction (IR) and deep learning reconstruction. Zygomaticomaxillary fractures were inflicted on four human cadaver specimen and scanned with standard and low dose CT protocols.

Iterative reconstruction and deep learning algorithms for enabling low-dose computed tomography in midfacial trauma.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the image quality of Advanced Modeled Iterative Reconstruction (ADMIRE) and the PixelShine (PS) deep learning algorithm for the optimization of low-dose computed tomography protocols in midfacial trauma.

Study Design: Six fresh frozen human cadaver head specimens were scanned by computed tomography using both standard and low-dose scan protocols. Three iterative reconstruction strengths were applied to reconstruct bone and soft tissue data sets and these were subsequently applied to the PS algorithm.

Functional Swallowing Units (FSUs) as organs-at-risk for radiotherapy. PART 2: Advanced delineation guidelines for FSUs.

Background And Purpose: In a separate article (PART 1), a rationale and explanation of the physiology-and-anatomy-based concept of Functional Swallowing Units (FSUs) was presented. FSUs are swallowing muscles not included in the set of commonly defined swallowing organs at risk (SWOARs). They are involved in three crucial swallowing components: hyolaryngeal elevation (HLE), tongue base retraction (TBR) and tongue motion.

Functional Swallowing Units (FSUs) as organs-at-risk for radiotherapy. PART 1: Physiology and anatomy.

Background And Purpose: When optimising radiotherapy treatments today, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the larynx are usually regarded as the swallowing organs at risk (SWOARs). The purpose of this study was to identify and describe additional, previously undefined groups of muscles (functional units) involved in crucial components of swallowing (hyolaryngeal elevation (HLE), tongue base retraction (TBR) and tongue motion), and to emphasise their relevance in radiation-induced dysphagia.

Material And Methods: Based on available literature on human anatomy and swallowing physiology, the functional units of muscles involved in HLE, TBR and tongue motion have been identified and described.

The interobserver agreement in the detection of recurrent HNSCC using MRI including diffusion weighted MRI.

Introduction: For the detection of local recurrences of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) after (chemo)radiation, diagnostic imaging is generally performed. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) has been proven to be able to adequately diagnose the presence of cancer. However evaluation of DW-MR images for recurrences is difficult and could be subject to individual interpretation.

Optimisation of three-dimensional lower jaw resection margin planning using a novel Black Bone magnetic resonance imaging protocol.

Background: MRI is the optimal method for sensitive detection of tumour tissue and pre-operative staging in oral cancer. When jawbone resections are necessary, the current standard of care for oral tumour surgery in our hospital is 3D virtual planning from CT data. 3D printed jawbone cutting guides are designed from the CT data.

Viable tumor in salvage neck dissections in head and neck cancer: Relation with initial treatment, change of lymph node size and human papillomavirus.

Objectives: To identify predictive factors for the presence of viable tumor and outcome in head and neck cancer patients who undergo therapeutic salvage neck dissections.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 76 salvage neck dissections after radiotherapy alone (n = 22), radiotherapy in combination with carboplatin/5-fluorouracil (n = 42) or with cetuximab (n = 12).

Results: Viable tumor was detected in 41% of all neck dissections.

Localization of parathyroid adenomas using C-methionine pet after prior inconclusive imaging.

Purpose: Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) is the recommended treatment in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) for which accurate preoperative localization is essential. The current imaging standard consists of cervical ultrasonography (cUS) and MIBI-SPECT/CT. C-MET PET/CT has a higher resolution than MIBI-SPECT/CT.

[Do not always puncture a thyroid nodule].

The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing, especially the papillary subtype. This increase can be mainly attributed to the detection of small - mostly indolent - papillary thyroid cancers as a consequence of the higher sensitivity of diagnostic techniques and the more frequent use of diagnostic applications. Two patients are described with (non-)palpable thyroid nodules to illustrate the risk of overdiagnostics and overtreatment.