[The effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors on left ventricular diastolic function: current status and prospects].

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) or gliflozins, are a new class of cardiovascular drugs with a proven clinical efficacy and a beneficial effect on prognosis in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Impaired left ventricular (LV) diastolic function (DF) is an important element in the pathogenesis of HFpEF. Experimental studies have found intracellular mechanisms for the so-called diastolic effects in gliflozins.

A Simple Model of the Energy Harvester within a Linear and Hysteresis Approach.

In this article, a model of an energy harvester, the mechanical part of which is an inverted pendulum, is proposed. We investigated the stability of a linearized system. It was proven that the stabilizing control of the pendulum, based on the feedback principle, enables the stabilization of the system.

Heart Dysfunction in Essential Hypertension Depends on Systemic Proinflammatory Influences: A Retrospective Clinical Pathophysiological Study.

Low-intensity systemic inflammation is an important element of heart failure pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to assess proinflammatory status serum indicators (C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)) in middle-aged males (M) and females (F) with essential hypertension (HTN) depending on left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). The main group comprised 55 M and 49 F with the first- to second-severity grade HTN with mild heart failure and a preserved LV ejection fraction ≥50%.

Systemic Action of Inflammatory Mediators in Patients with Essential Hypertension and Diastolic Chronic Heart Failure: A Clinical Pathophysiological Study.

The aim of this research was to correlate indicators of proinflammatory status and the structural/functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system comparatively in male and female patients with essential hypertension (EH) complicated by diastolic chronic heart failure (CHF) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The study included 104 middle-aged patients (55 males (M) and 49 females (F)) with first- or second-degree EH complicated by CHF with preserved LVEF. They all belonged to the low functional class of CHF, with LVEF ≥50%, first- or second-degree of LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), LV hypertrophy (LVH), and dilatation of the left atrium (LA) with a sinus rhythm and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide >125 pg/mL.

[Optimization of the invasive strategy for acute coronary syndrome in patients of the older age group.].

A study is presented on the effectiveness and safety of various anticoagulants used in patients of an older age group with acute coronary syndrome during percutaneous coronary interventions. Bivalirudin was shown to be highly effective in comparison with unfractionated heparin and monafram in relation to the amount of bleeding that occurs in the postoperative period and adverse cardiovascular complications.

Association of Chronic Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy Lesions with Hypertension.

Purpose: To study changes in retinal microcirculation and the prevalence of chronic paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) lesions in patients with mild hypertension.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Participants: Twenty-seven patients (21 men and 6 women; mean age, 50.

[Features of changes in volume-impedance hemodynamic indicators during the tilt test in young males with a history of vasovagal syncopes].

Background: The direction of changes in hemodynamic parameters during the tilt test (TT) nin individuals with history of vasovagal syncope (VVS) is a subject of discussion.

Objective: to study changes of volume-impedance hemodynamic indicators in the process of tilt test in somatically healthy young men with history of VVS.

Materials And Methods: A total of 102 men aged 18-30 years were divided into 4 groups, taking into account the specific features of fainting history and response to TT.

Immune Status of Pancreatic Cancer Patients Receiving Cryosurgery.

Cryosurgery used on patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer improved their quality of life, but mainly because of the pain relief. In postoperative patients, multifaceted changes in immunity were found, and the state of the immune system prior to surgery often was a decisive factor to indicate whether further disorders in the postoperative period would develop, or by contrast, it would boost its recovery. Some patients receiving cryosurgery showed immune system imbalance and activation, and of antitumor immunity in particular.

[CHARACTERISTIC OF ALTERATIONS OF ARTERIES IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND CHRONIC HEPATITIS C].

The article presents an assessment of degree and type of atherosclerosis of coronary and non-coronary vessels in old patients with ischemic heart disease associated with chronic viral hepatitis C (VHC), the incidence of myocardial infarction and the possibility of participation chronic VHC in atherogenesis. Patients with ischemic heart disease have correlation of atherosclerosis of arteries with age, hypercholesterinemia. Patients without chronic VHC more often give a higher risk of myocardial infarction, especially in early period (1-1,5 years) of onset of ischemic heart disease clinical implications.

[Improvement of the health care delivery system in war-time: monitoring of servicemen's health status].

Authors came to conclusion that the constant monitoring of servicemen's health status allows the commanding officer to receive detailed information about combat effectiveness. In case of battle injury or trauma the information used by the medical service will be the base for early health care delivery and organization of evacuation. The information about health status of injured may be used as a base for diagnosis at all stages of evacuation.

[Left ventricular hypertrophy as a marker of adverse cardiovascular risk in persons of various age groups].

The paper considers modern conceptions about the prognostic value of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) different types. The role of interaction of demographic, hemodynamic, regulatory, intracardiac factors in the formation of prognostic peculiarities in patients with different types of LVH is marked. The data of own investigations indicating that the left ventricular myocardial mass has not less important value in long-term general prognostication than belonging to a concentric or eccentric LVH type in elderly patients with hypertension are presented.

[Hypertensive heart disease and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: modern strategies in antihypertensive therapy].

Hypertension (HTN) and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are two non-communicable pandemic of the late 20th century and early 21st century. Despite the active prophylaxis measures performed by the State, there is a tendency to increase of HTN in Russia. Incidence rate of hypertension is depending of age and increases in patients of elderly age (80%).

[The metabolic syndrome and inflammation: actual issues of pathogenesis].

The publications' review and intrinsic data testify that metabolic syndrome represents an extremely actual problem due to high prevalence and strong influence of its components at the risk of development of cardio-vascular complications.

[Embolism of the aortic bifurcation and major arteries of limbs: lessons of the past and present-day trends in solving the problem concerned].

The works deals with a retrospective analysis of the medical records of the Clinic of General Surgery of the North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov on treatment of patients presenting with embolism of the aorta and major arteries over 40 years.

[Aortic stenosis of alkaptonuric genesis].

Main approaches to intravital diagnosis of alcaptonuria are described. Attention is focused on damages determining invalidisation of patients. A clinical case is presented which demonstrates success of surgical treatment of aortic stenosis of alkaptonuric genesis.

[Age dynamics of the human maxillofacial apparatus development in the early period of prenatal ontogenesis].

The literature review discusses the debatable problems on terms of separation of different anlages of human maxillo-facial apparatus, chronology of histo- and organogenetic remodeling of hard and soft tissues during the period of their formation in the first trimester of pregnancy. It is suggested that these controversies are most likely determined by imperfection of current embryogenesis periodization systems and of criteria of human embryos and fetuses age definition; therefore further research in this direction is required.

[Design of experimental approaches on the base of standard proteins for testing blood biopreparations and immunoperoxidase conjugates specific to human and animal immunoglobulines G].

Using standard forms of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and albumin, we have studied electrophoretic and chromatographic profiles of samples of pharmaceutical blood biopreparation batches. The usability of standard proteins was also demonstrated by testing analytical characteristics of immunoperoxidase conjugates specific to human and animal IgG (anti-IgG IPC). In particular, we suggest an additional estimation of analytical characteristics of anti-IgG IPC by the enzyme reaction kinetics with the standard dilution which is calculated by the direct enzyme-liked immunoassay on the homologous IgG-antigen.

[Modern tendencies in the treatment of patients with high risk of development of cardiovascular complications and intolerance to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: value of results of TRANSCEND trial for clinical practice].

Clinical value of pharmacologic blockade of renin angiotensin aldosterone system for deceleration of cardiovascular continuum is strongly proved. Up to 20% of population is intolerant to ACE inhibitors. There are no strong evidences that ACE inhibitors differ from angiotensin receptors blockers in influence on main cardiovascular outcomes.

[Tyrosine-containing peptides in the estimation of endogenous intoxication in ovarian cancer].

The paper gives data on the changed levels of tyrosine-containing peptides (TCP) in the plasma of patients with ovarian tumors of varying histological structure. The most considerable blood TCP accumulations were observed in women with malignancies, which is indicative of their body's marked metabolic changes caused by the aggressive course of the disease.

[Results of percutaneous sclerotherapy of benign nodular affections of the thyroid gland with ethanol].

The results of experimental (150 animals) and clinical (783 patients) studies of percutaneous sclerotherapy of benign nodular affections of the thyroid gland with ethanol are analyzed. Reduction of the cysts depends first of all on ratio of fluid to solid components. Technical features of the method and disputable points of mechanism of action are discussed.

[On debatable questions of percutaneous sclerosing therapy of benign tumors of the thyroid gland].

Certain debatable questions of the mechanism of reducing the thyroid nodules, technical details of the method are discussed on the basis of considerable clinical experiences with percutaneous sclerosing ethanol therapy of benign thyroid nodules (783 patients) and results of experiments in 150 animals and 11 volunteers. A precise preliminary calculation of the amount of ethanol introduced in one session of the sclerosing therapy and during the whole course of treatment was shown to be necessary and possible. A pronounced inflammatory response during the sclerosing therapy was proved to take place but when ethanol got beyond the limits of the thyroid gland.

[Modern approach to pathogenetic therapy of the oral mucosa lichen].

Study of humoral immunity, morphofunctional status of cell factors of immunologic reactivity (T-lymphocytes, neutrophils) and intestinal microecology allowed design of comprehensive pathogenetic therapy of oral lichen.

New data on the effect of helicobacter pylori on oxygen metabolism in human neutrophils.

A new phenomenon is discovered: Helicobacter pylori suppressed production of superoxide radical by neutrophils, while intracellular production of oxygen radicals is considerably activated. This phenomenon seems to play an important role in Helicobacter modulation of the inflammatory process in the stomach and persistence of the bacterium in the inflammatory focus.

[Relationships between the content of circulating immune complexes, the concentration of serum immunoglobulins and the titers of specific antibodies in patients with tick-borne encephalitis].

In the blood serum of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) patients the detection rate and concentration of circulating immune complexes, as well as the content of serum IgA, IgM and IgG, were evaluated. The formation of immune complexes was found to depend on IgM and IgG specific antibodies to TBE virus, the period of the disease and the clinical form of virus infection.