Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Ireland 2012 to 2020: Bystander CPR, bystander defibrillation and survival in the Utstein comparator group.

Background: The Irish Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest registry (OHCAR) collects data based on the internationally recognised Utstein template. The Utstein comparator group (bystander witnessed and initial shockable rhythm) has specific relevance in benchmarking out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) health system performance.

Aims: To describe OHCA in the Utstein comparator group during 2012 to 2020 in Ireland.

Molecular basis for thermogenesis and volatile production in the titan arum.

The titan arum (), commonly known as the corpse flower, produces the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world. Its rare blooms last only a few days and are notable both for their burst of thermogenic activity and for the odor of rotting flesh by which they attract pollinators. Studies on the titan arum can therefor lend insight into the mechanisms underlying thermogenesis as well as the production of sulfur-based volatiles, about which little is known in plants.

A Retrospective Analysis of Self-Limiting Fever following Percutaneous Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Defect Closure.

While percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are generally well-tolerated procedures, the development of postprocedure fever has been observed at a higher frequency than reported in the initial device trials. We performed a retrospective analysis of 62 patients who underwent PFO or ASD closure from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022, at Mayo Clinic, Arizona. Eight patients out of 62 (12.

The Role of Cardiovascular Imaging in the Diagnosis of Athlete's Heart: Navigating the Shades of Grey.

Athlete's heart (AH) represents the heart's remarkable ability to adapt structurally and functionally to prolonged and intensive athletic training. Characterized by increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, enlarged cardiac chambers, and augmented cardiac mass, AH typically maintains or enhances systolic and diastolic functions. Despite the positive health implications, these adaptations can obscure the difference between benign physiological changes and early manifestations of cardiac pathologies such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM).

Expanding Indications for Liver Transplantation in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Improvements in downstaging therapies have expanded the indications for liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with more advanced disease are now considered candidates due to advancements in radiation therapy, combination therapies, and immunotherapy. Combination stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been shown to be superior to the historic treatment, sorafenib, in patients with macrovascular invasion.

Bystander defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Ireland.

Aims: To describe and explore predictors of bystander defibrillation in Ireland during the period 2012 to 2020. To examine the relationship between bystander defibrillation and health system developments.

Methods: National level Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) registry data were interrogated, focusing on patients who had defibrillation performed.

Low neurocognitive performance and problematic contexts: interaction influences in predicting adolescent externalizing behaviors within a community sample.

Research has identified neurocognitive and contextual risk factors of externalizing behaviors. However, fewer studies have examined the interaction among neurocognitive and other risk factors in predicting externalizing behaviors. The goal of the current study was to examine the relation between neurocognitive and contextual factors in predicting externalizing behaviors in a community sample of adolescents.

"Unkinking" the "Kink" Normalizes the Doppler Pattern.

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) comprises 5-7% of congenital heart disease and can present as an isolated narrowing in the aortic arch just distal to the left subclavian artery or can be associated with cardiac abnormalities such as a bicuspid aortic valve, aortopathy, or ventricular septal defects. With the advances in the medical field, intervention on CoA can either be via surgical repair or endovascular stenting. Echocardiography is the mainstay in diagnosing CoA, with tomographic imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography providing supplementary assessment of the aorta, valves, and collateral vessels.

Association between echocardiographic velocity time integral ratio of mitral valve and left ventricular outflow tract and clinical outcomes post transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair.

Background: Residual mitral regurgitation (MR) is frequent after transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER). There is controversy regarding the clinical impact of residual MR and its quantitative assessment by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), which is often challenging with multiple eccentric jets and artifact from the clip. The utility of the velocity time integral (VTI) ratio between the mitral valve (MV) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), (VTI), a simple Doppler measurement that increases with MR, has not been assessed post TEER.

Rapidly Progressive Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Not Everything is What It Seems.

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a rare variant of HCM. A 43-year-old female with a past medical history significant for hypertension and kidney transplantation presented with recurrent syncopal episodes and dyspnea on exertion. Electrocardiogram showed characteristic diffuse giant T-waves inversion, and cardiac magnetic resonance showed HCM with circumferential apical thickening.

Health systems developments and predictors of bystander CPR in Ireland.

Aims: To explore predictors of bystander CPR (i.e. any CPR performed prior to EMS arrival) in Ireland over the period 2012-2020.

LABS: linear amplification-based bisulfite sequencing for ultrasensitive cancer detection from cell-free DNA.

Methylation-based liquid biopsies show promises in detecting cancer using circulating cell-free DNA; however, current limitations impede clinical application. Most assays necessitate substantial DNA inputs, posing challenges. Additionally, underrepresented tumor DNA fragments may go undetected during exponential amplification steps of traditional sequencing methods.

Transdiagnostic and transtherapeutic strategies for optimising autobiographical memory.

Our memories for past personally experienced autobiographical events play an important role in therapy, irrespective of presenting issue, diagnoses or therapeutic modality. Here, we summarise evidence for how autobiographical memory abilities can influence our mental health and the relevance of this for the treatment of mental health problems. We then guide the reader through principles and strategies for optimising autobiographical memory within treatment.

Clinical experience of a tattoo application device.

Introduction: The use of tattoos for radiation therapy (RT) treatment is common practice. The Comfort Marker 2.0 (CQ Medical, Iowa, USA) has been designed to apply tattoos with a controlled depth injection, potentially resulting in tattoos that fade over time.

Robust differential expression testing for single-cell CRISPR screens at low multiplicity of infection.

Single-cell CRISPR screens (perturb-seq) link genetic perturbations to phenotypic changes in individual cells. The most fundamental task in perturb-seq analysis is to test for association between a perturbation and a count outcome, such as gene expression. We conduct the first-ever comprehensive benchmarking study of association testing methods for low multiplicity-of-infection (MOI) perturb-seq data, finding that existing methods produce excess false positives.

A culture-independent nucleic acid diagnostics method for use in the detection and quantification of Burkholderia cepacia complex contamination in aqueous finished pharmaceutical products.

The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is the number one bacterial complex associated with contaminated Finished Pharmaceutical Products (FPPs). This has resulted in multiple healthcare related infection morbidity and mortality events in conjunction with significant FPP recalls globally. Current microbiological quality control of FPPs before release for distribution depends on lengthy, laborious, non-specific, traditional culture-dependent methods which lack sensitivity.

Robust differential expression testing for single-cell CRISPR screens at low multiplicity of infection.

Single-cell CRISPR screens (perturb-seq) link genetic perturbations to phenotypic changes in individual cells. The most fundamental task in perturb-seq analysis is to test for association between a perturbation and a count outcome, such as gene expression. We conduct the first-ever comprehensive benchmarking study of association testing methods for low multiplicity-of-infection (MOI) perturb-seq data, finding that existing methods produce excess false positives.

Exponential family measurement error models for single-cell CRISPR screens.

CRISPR genome engineering and single-cell RNA sequencing have accelerated biological discovery. Single-cell CRISPR screens unite these two technologies, linking genetic perturbations in individual cells to changes in gene expression and illuminating regulatory networks underlying diseases. Despite their promise, single-cell CRISPR screens present considerable statistical challenges.