The management of combined ACL and MCL injuries: A systematic review.

Background: The management of combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries remains contentious. Clinical outcomes of surgical, conservative, and combined approaches have been described in a range of prospective and retrospective studies. The aim of the current systematic review was to evaluate these outcomes and assess the study methodologies.

The effect of synchronised metronome training: A case study in a single leg, below knee Paralympic sprinter.

Background: To optimise sprint performance, one needs to understand how motor control affects motor performance. Researchers have proposed that the Dynamic Systems Theory be adopted for explaining motor performance, skill acquisition and the development of pedagogical methods. Within this theory, the individual is seen as a complex system that functions as the interaction of many sub-systems.

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasties: robot vs. patient specific instrumentation.

Background: The technical reliability demonstrated by semi active robots in implant placement could render unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKAs) more favourable than they are currently. The relatively untested method using patient specific instrumentation (PSI), however, has the potential to match the accuracy produced by robots but without the barriers that have prevented them from being used more widely in clinical practice, namely operative time. Therefore this study took a step towards comparing the accuracy and time taken between the two technologies.

Robotic assistance enables inexperienced surgeons to perform unicompartmental knee arthroplasties on dry bone models with accuracy superior to conventional methods.

Robotic systems have been shown to improve unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) component placement accuracy compared to conventional methods when used by experienced surgeons. We aimed to determine whether inexperienced UKA surgeons can position components accurately using robotic assistance when compared to conventional methods and to demonstrate the effect repetition has on accuracy. Sixteen surgeons were randomised to an active constraint robot or conventional group performing three UKAs over three weeks.

The gait of patients with one resurfacing and one replacement hip: a single blinded controlled study.

Purposes: Post arthroplasty gait analysis has up till now been performed on subjects walking slowly on flat ground rather than challenging them at faster speeds or walking uphill. We therefore asked: (1) Is there a measurable difference in the performance of hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) limbs at patients' self-determined fastest walking speeds and steepest inclines? and (2) Is there a relationship between the observed differences between the gait of HRA and THA implanted limbs and patient walking speeds and inclines.

Methods: In an ethically approved study we recruited patients with bilateral hip arthroplasties: one HRA and one THA.

The influence of gravity on composition uniformity and microstructure in immiscible Al-In alloys.

The results obtained from flight experiments on hypermonotectic Al-In alloys carried out during the Life and Microgravity Spacelab mission are presented and compared to those predicted from models that have been developed for solute redistribution in eutectic alloy systems. Experimental results from microgravity experiments are also compared with results obtained from unit gravity directional solidification experiments. Unit gravity directional solidification of hypermonotectic alloys results in macrosegregation due to convective instability inherent in these alloy systems.