Publications by authors named "Barrow S"

Article Synopsis
  • Neurons release neurotransmitters like glutamate before establishing connections, but the specific impact of this release on synapse formation is not well understood.
  • Research indicates that synapses in the cortex don’t necessarily need this neurotransmitter release for formation, yet glutamate influences receptor movement and stimulates spine development in neurons.
  • The study reveals that glutamate can decrease synapse density in young cortical neurons in a calcium-dependent manner, but this effect is mitigated by the adhesion molecules NL1 and neurexin 1, highlighting the complex interplay between glutamate, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic stability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Murine adenosine deaminase (mADA) is a prototypic system for studying the thermal activation of active site chemistry within the TIM barrel family of enzyme reactions. Previous temperature-dependent hydrogen deuterium exchange studies under various conditions have identified interconnected thermal networks for heat transfer from opposing protein-solvent interfaces to active site residues in mADA. One of these interfaces contains a solvent exposed helix-loop-helix moiety that presents the hydrophobic face of its long α-helix to the backside of bound substrate.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective This study aims to investigate breast cancer lymph node involvement in a West Indian population while correlating it with various histological parameters and evaluating the role of the sentinel lymph node biopsy. Method This is a retrospective study where histology reports for all breast cancer-related biopsies from 2018 to 2021, totaling 813 samples, were obtained. Histological parameters from these reports were extracted into a spreadsheet and analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 28.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

This is the first study to assess longitudinal changes in anthropometric, physiological, and physical qualities of international women's rugby league players. Thirteen forwards and 11 backs were tested three times over a 10-month period. Assessments included: standing height and body mass, body composition measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), a blood panel, resting metabolic rate (RMR) assessed by indirect calorimetry, aerobic capacity (i.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Although neurons release neurotransmitter before contact, the role for this release in synapse formation remains unclear. Cortical synapses do not require synaptic vesicle release for formation , yet glutamate clearly regulates glutamate receptor trafficking and induces spine formation . Using a culture system to dissect molecular mechanisms, we found that glutamate rapidly decreases synapse density specifically in young cortical neurons in a local and calcium-dependent manner through decreasing NMDAR transport and surface expression as well as co-transport with neuroligin (NL1).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes 99.7% of cervical cancer cases. Cervical cancer is preventable through early detection via HPV testing.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cervical cancer and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) share common demographic risk factors. Despite this, scarce research has examined the relationship between race/ethnicity, having T2D, and cervical cancer incidence. We analyzed statewide electronic health records data between 2012 and 2019 from the OneFlorida+ Data Trust.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background Inflammatory cardiomyopathy is one of the most common causes of sudden cardiac death in young adults. Diagnosis of inflammatory cardiomyopathy remains challenging, and better monitoring tools are needed. We present magnetocardiography as a method to diagnose myocardial inflammation and monitor treatment response.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The role of the germline in epigenetic transgenerational inheritance starts with environmental factors, acting on the first generation of a gestating mother. These factors influence the developing second-generation fetus by altering gonadal development, thereby reprogramming the primordial germ cell DNA methylation and leading to consequences that might be seen along generations.

Objective: Despite these epigenetic factors now surfacing, the few available studies are on animal-based experiments, and conducting a follow-up on human intergenerational trials might take decades.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Trinidad and Tobago are islands in the Southern Caribbean with a unique mix of races within the population consisting of East Indian (EI) (37.6%), Afro-Caribbean (AC) (36.3%), mixed (24.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The analysis of hydrogen deuterium exchange by mass spectrometry as a function of temperature and mutation has emerged as a generic and efficient tool for the spatial resolution of protein networks that are proposed to function in the thermal activation of catalysis. In this work, we extend temperature-dependent hydrogen deuterium exchange from apo-enzyme structures to protein-ligand complexes. Using adenosine deaminase as a prototype, we compared the impacts of a substrate analog (1-deaza-adenosine) and a very tight-binding inhibitor/transition state analog (pentostatin) at single and multiple temperatures.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Rapid stratification of the risk of cardiac arrest is essential in the assessment of patients with isolated accidental hypothermia. Traditional methods based on measurement of core temperature are unreliable in the field. Behavioural observations have been used as predictors of core temperature and thus indirect predictors of cardiac arrest.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objectives: The study examined the differentials in prevalence and correlates on the uptake of tetanus toxoid and intermittent preventive treatment of malaria among pregnant women in The Gambia.

Methods: The 2018 data from The Gambia Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey were analyzed. Data from 6143 women of reproductive age who have given birth were extracted for the analysis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Unplanned pregnancy is a public health issue that has detrimental implications for the mother and baby alike. However, few studies have been conducted in The Gambia on this subject. As a result, the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy among women of reproductive age in The Gambia was investigated, as well as the factors associated with it.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

When the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded in March 2020, surgical care was impacted globally. The developing nations in the Caribbean were unprepared with fragile, resource poor healthcare systems. A series of rapid policy changes in response to the pandemic radically changed surgical care and prevented the usual oversight in the operating theatre.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are on the rise in Sub-Saharan Africa, and a large proportion of the adult population is thought to suffer from at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. This study assessed cardiometabolic risk factors and the contribution of nutrition-related indicators in Gambian women. The prevalence and co-existence of diabetes (elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ≥ 6.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Intussusception in adults is rare. Even more unusual is jejunal intussusception secondary to a heterotopic pancreas. The presence of pancreatic tissue in an ectopic location and lacking contiguity with the main pancreatic gland is defined as pancreatic heterotopia.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Purpose: The UK government introduced a nationwide lockdown on the 23rd March 2020 to prevent the spread of COVID-19. All elective hospital and dental practice assessments and procedures were mandated to stop. Key hospital dental workers were required to work, and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust became a designated Urgent Dental Care Centre (UDC) for the greater London area.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Proteins are intrinsically flexible macromolecules that undergo internal motions with time scales spanning femtoseconds to milliseconds. These fluctuations are implicated in the optimization of reaction barriers for enzyme catalyzed reactions. Time, temperature, and mutation dependent hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) has been previously employed to identify spatially resolved, catalysis-linked dynamical regions of enzymes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Structures that absorb light perfectly can lead to advances in fields like sensing and photocatalysis, but research on how particle size affects this ability is limited.
  • Researchers created nearly perfect light absorbers using gold nanoparticles arranged on a titanium oxide film backed by a gold mirror, allowing for precise control of spacing between particles.
  • By varying the size of the nanoparticles, they observed notable changes in the way light interacts with the structure, using coupled-mode theory to explain these changes and guide the design of more effective absorbers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Rugby League (RL) match-play causes muscle damage, inflammation and symptoms of fatigue. To facilitate recovery, nutritional interventions are often employed, including Montmorency cherry juice (MC). We assessed the effects of MC on recovery following RL match-play in eleven male professional RL players who played in two matches (7-days apart) with MC or placebo (PLB) supplemented for 5-days pre-match, matchday and 2-days post-match.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Classic descriptions of the visceral surface of the human liver only define three fissures: transverse, sagittal and umbilical fissures. Any additional fissures that are present on the visceral surface of the liver are considered variant inferior hepatic fissures (IHFs). This study was carried out to document the prevalence of IHFs in the Eastern Caribbean.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Plasmonic nanostructures can focus light far below the diffraction limit, and the nearly thousandfold field enhancements obtained routinely enable few- and single-molecule detection. However, for processes happening on the molecular scale to be tracked with any relevant time resolution, the emission strengths need to be well beyond what current plasmonic devices provide. Here, we develop hybrid nanostructures incorporating both refractive and plasmonic optics, by creating SiO nanospheres fused to plasmonic nanojunctions.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF