Prevalence and determinants of skilled birth attendance among young women aged 15-24 years in Northern Nigeria: evidence from multiple indicator cluster survey 2011 to 2021.

Background: Childbirth among adolescents and young mothers has been linked to various complications, including perinatal mortality, preterm births, low birth weight, and infections, which collectively contribute to the high burden of neonatal and maternal mortality. Despite some progress, the prevalence of skilled birth attendance, proven to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes, remains consistently low in Northern Nigeria. This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of Skilled Birth Attendance (SBA) among young women ages 15-24 years in Northern Nigeria.

Brief of over 300 reproductive health researchers as Amici Curiae in FDA v. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine.

On January 30, 2024, over 300 researchers filed an amicus brief in FDA v. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine, a United States (US) Supreme Court case that could have severely impacted access to mifepristone, one of the two drugs commonly used in medication abortion. The researchers summarize the legal challenges to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) original approval of mifepristone in 2000 and its 2016 and 2021 decisions modifying mifepristone's Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Program and label, the responses from the FDA and drug manufacturer to the challenges, and the potential implications of the Court's decision on access to mifepristone in the US.

Amicus brief of over 300 reproductive health researchers supports mifepristone's safety and effectiveness.

On January 30, 2024, over 300 researchers filed an amicus brief in FDA v. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine, a United States (US) Supreme Court case concerning the regulatory status of mifepristone, one of two drugs used in medication abortion. In this Comment we summarize the legal challenge, responses from the FDA and drug manufacturer to these challenges, oral arguments presented before the Court, and the implications of the Court's decision on access to mifepristone in the US.

Climate change and health in the Sahel: a systematic review.

The Sahel region is projected to be highly impacted by the more frequent hazards associated with climate change, including increased temperature, drought and flooding. This systematic review examined the evidence for climate change-related health consequences in the Sahel. The databases used were Medline (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), Web of Science (Clarivate) and CABI Global Health.

Decomposing Education-Based Inequalities in Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Knowledge for HIV Prevention Among Women in Cote d'Ivoire.

Background: Antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis is a promising strategy for preventing the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The knowledge of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is required for intervention uptake and adherence to prevent the spread of HIV. This study aimed to decompose education-based inequalities in PrEP knowledge for HIV prevention among reproductive-aged women in Cote d'Ivoire.

Prevalence and factors associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness among cisgender women of reproductive age in Burkina Faso.

Background: HIV remains a global public health concern, and women continue to be disproportionately affected. Understanding the factors associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness among women is crucial as an effective HIV prevention strategy.

Objectives: We investigated the prevalence and associated factors of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness among women in Burkina Faso.

Contextual factors associated with diarrhea among under-five children in the Gambia: a multi-level analysis of population-based data.

Background: Diarrhea poses a significant threat to the lives of children in The Gambia, accounting for approximately 9% of all deaths among children under the age of five. Addressing and reducing child mortality from diarrhea diseases is crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, specifically target 3.2, which aims to eliminate preventable deaths in newborns and children under the age of five by 2030.

Comprehensive HIV knowledge and associated factors among reproductive-age women: analysis of the Gambia Demographic and Health Survey 2019/2020.

Introduction: Globally, there are 37.7 million people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). So far, there is no study done in Gambia which assessed comprehensive HIV knowledge and its associated factors.

Antibody-mediated targeting of human microglial leukocyte Ig-like receptor B4 attenuates amyloid pathology in a mouse model.

Microglia help limit the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by constraining amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, effected through a balance of activating and inhibitory intracellular signals delivered by distinct cell surface receptors. Human leukocyte Ig-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) is an inhibitory receptor of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily that is expressed on myeloid cells and recognizes apolipoprotein E (ApoE) among other ligands. Here, we find that LILRB4 is highly expressed in the microglia of patients with AD.

Modular synthesis of functional libraries by accelerated SuFEx click chemistry.

Accelerated SuFEx Click Chemistry (ASCC) is a powerful method for coupling aryl and alkyl alcohols with SuFEx-compatible functional groups. With its hallmark favorable kinetics and exceptional product yields, ASCC streamlines the synthetic workflow, simplifies the purification process, and is ideally suited for discovering functional molecules. We showcase the versatility and practicality of the ASCC reaction as a tool for the late-stage derivatization of bioactive molecules and in the array synthesis of sulfonate-linked, high-potency, microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) that exhibit nanomolar anticancer activity against multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines.

Defining Critical Humeral Bone Loss: Inferior Craniocaudal Hill-Sachs Extension as Predictor of Recurrent Instability After Primary Arthroscopic Bankart Repair.

Background: The glenoid track concept for shoulder instability primarily describes the medial-lateral relationship between a Hill-Sachs lesion and the glenoid. However, the Hill-Sachs position in the craniocaudal dimension has not been thoroughly studied.

Hypothesis: Hill-Sachs lesions with greater inferior extension are associated with increased risk of recurrent instability after primary arthroscopic Bankart repair.

Cutting Edge: PDGF-DD Binding to NKp44 Costimulates TLR9 Signaling and Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells.

NKp44 is a human receptor originally found on activated NK cells, group 1 and group 3 innate lymphoid cells that binds dimers of platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGF-DD). NKp44 is also expressed on tissue plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs), but NKp44-PDGF-DD interaction on PDCs remains unstudied. Engagement of NKp44 with PDGF-DD in vitro enhanced PDC secretion of IFN-α, TNF, and IL-6 in response to the TLR9 ligand CpG-ODN, but not TLR7/8 ligands.

Breast Cancer Screening: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Female University Students in The Gambia.

Background: Breast cancer is the second most prevalent form of cancer in The Gambia, with an incidence rate of approximately 15% and a mortality rate exceeding 50% in 2020. The all-age prevalence stands at 11.25 per 100,000 population.

cellsig plug-in enhances CIBERSORTx signature selection for multidataset transcriptomes with sparse multilevel modelling.

Motivation: The precise characterization of cell-type transcriptomes is pivotal to understanding cellular lineages, deconvolution of bulk transcriptomes, and clinical applications. Single-cell RNA sequencing resources like the Human Cell Atlas have revolutionised cell-type profiling. However, challenges persist due to data heterogeneity and discrepancies across different studies.

Proximal humerus fracture management and outcomes are distinctly different for individuals 60 years of age or younger: a systematic review.

Background: Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) occur most commonly in an elderly and osteoporotic population, but a considerable proportion of these injuries occur in relatively younger individuals. Differences in treatment principles and outcomes in this younger population remain poorly understood. The purpose of this review was to characterize the treatment algorithms and outcomes for patients less than or equal to 60 years of age with PHFs.

Uptake and determinants of childhood vaccination status among children aged 0-12 months in three West African countries.

Background: Vaccination has long been recognized as one of the most effective ways to reduce child mortality. It has played a significant role, particularly for children, and is considered a major achievement and relevant in preventing childhood diseases worldwide. This study looks at the uptake and determinants of childhood vaccination status among children under the age of one year, for Gambia, Sierra Leon, and Liberia.

Repurposed inhibitor of bacterial dihydrodipicolinate reductase exhibits effective herbicidal activity.

Herbicide resistance represents one of the biggest threats to our natural environment and agricultural sector. Thus, new herbicides are urgently needed to tackle the rise in herbicide-resistant weeds. Here, we employed a novel strategy to repurpose a 'failed' antibiotic into a new and target-specific herbicidal compound.

and Expression Are Associated with Improved Prognosis in HPV-Infected Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Changes in the cellular secretome are implicated in virus infection, malignancy, and anti-tumor immunity. We analyzed the association between transcriptional signatures (TS) from 24 different immune and stromal cell types on the prognosis of HPV-infected and HPV-free head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. We found that HPV-positive HNSCC patients have tumors with elevated immune cell TS and improved prognosis, which was specifically associated with an increased tumor abundance of memory B and activated natural killer (NK) cell TS, compared to HPV-free HNSCC patients.

Immune and metabolic markers for identifying and investigating severe Coronavirus disease and Sepsis in children and young people (pSeP/COVID ChYP study): protocol for a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Early recognition and appropriate management of paediatric sepsis are known to improve outcomes. A previous system's biology investigation of the systemic immune response in neonates to sepsis identified immune and metabolic markers that showed high accuracy for detecting bacterial infection. Further gene expression markers have also been reported previously in the paediatric age group for discriminating sepsis from control cases.

Achieving the UNAIDS first '95' in prenuptial HIV/AIDS testing among reproductive-aged Rwandese women: A multilevel analysis of 2019-20 population-based data.

A significant public health concern that disproportionately affects women is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Prenuptial HIV testing is no doubt a major step for people to learn their HIV status. In this study, the coverage of prenuptial HIV testing and its associated factors were examined among reproductive-aged Rwandese women.