Changes in prevalence and in educational inequalities in Brazilian health behaviors between 2013 and 2019.

Considering the relevance of health behaviors for chronic diseases prevalence and mortality and the increase in income concentration observed in the world and in Brazil, this study aimed to evaluate the changes in the prevalence and in the educational inequalities of Brazilian adult health behaviors between 2013 and 2019. We analyzed data of 49,025 and 65,803 adults (18-59 years of age) from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS), 2013 and 2019. Prevalence of health behaviors (smoking, alcohol intake, diet, physical activity and sedentarism) were estimated for three educational strata, for both surveys.

Prebiotic effects of plant-derived (poly)phenols on host metabolism: Is there a role for short-chain fatty acids?

The gut microbiota has been extensively investigated during the last decade because of its effects on host neuroendocrine pathways and other processes. The imbalance between beneficial and pathogenic bacteria, known as dysbiosis, may be a determining predisposing factor for many noncommunicable chronic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, interventions aiming to reestablish the balance between microbiota components have been suggested as potential preventive therapeutic strategies against these disorders.

A high-performance electrochemical sensor based on a mesoporous silica/titania material and cobalt(II) phthalocyanine for sensitive pentachlorophenol determination.

The synthesis and characterization of a novel titania/silica hybrid xerogel subsequently modified with 4-methylpyridine (4-Pic), named TiSi4PicCl is reported. The physicochemical, structural and thermal properties of TiSi4PicCl were characterized using several techniques. Anchoring cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoTsPc) in TiSi4PicCl showed greater electroanalytical sensitivity over other sensors built with these materials.

Overexpression of MRX9 impairs processing of RNAs encoding mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation factors COB and COX1 in yeast.

Mitochondrial translation is a highly regulated process, and newly synthesized mitochondrial products must first associate with several nuclear-encoded auxiliary factors to form oxidative phosphorylation complexes. The output of mitochondrial products should therefore be in stoichiometric equilibrium with the nuclear-encoded products to prevent unnecessary energy expense or the accumulation of pro-oxidant assembly modules. In the mitochondrial DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, COX1 encodes subunit 1 of the cytochrome c oxidase and COB the central core of the cytochrome bc1 electron transfer complex; however, factors regulating the expression of these mitochondrial products are not completely described.

Evaluation of acute toxicity, 28-day repeated dose toxicity, and genotoxicity of Moringa oleifera leaves infusion and powder.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves infusion and powder are widely used by population due the nutritional and medicinal potentials, however data regarding safety of use are still inconclusive, leading to prohibition of this plant in some countries.

Aim Of The Study: The present work investigated the nutritional and phytochemical composition, acute and 28-day repeated dose toxicity, and genotoxicity of M.

Quantitative Computed Tomography: What Clinical Questions Can it Answer in Chronic Lung Disease?

Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) has recently gained an important role in the functional assessment of chronic lung disease. Its capacity in diagnostic, staging, and prognostic evaluation in this setting is similar to that of traditional pulmonary function testing. Furthermore, it can demonstrate lung injury before the alteration of pulmonary function test parameters, and it enables the classification of disease phenotypes, contributing to the customization of therapy and performance of comparative studies without the intra- and inter-observer variation that occurs with qualitative analysis.

The Normal Lung Index From Quantitative Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Obstructive and Restrictive Lung Disease.

Purpose: Our objective was to evaluate whether the normal lung index (NLI) from quantitative computed tomography (QCT) analysis can be used to predict mortality as well as pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Materials And Methods: Normal subjects (n=20) and patients with COPD (n=172) and ILD (n=114) who underwent PFTs and chest CT were enrolled retrospectively in this study. QCT measures included the NLI, defined as the ratio of the lung with attenuation between -950 and -700 Hounsfield units (HU) over the total lung volume (-1024 to -250 HU, mL), high-attenuation area (-700 to -250 HU, %), emphysema index (>6% of pixels < -950 HU), skewness, kurtosis, and mean lung attenuation.

Uric Acid and Cortisol Levels in Plasma Correlate with Pre-Competition Anxiety in Novice Athletes of Combat Sports.

Pre-competition anxiety is very prevalent in novice athletes, causing stress and drastic decreases in their performances. Cortisol plays a central role in the psychosomatic responses to stress and also in the physiology of strenuous exercise. Growing evidence links uric acid, an endogenous antioxidant, with oxidative stress and anxiety, as observed in many depressive-related disorders.

Association of self-reported sleep problems with morbidities and multimorbidities according to sex: National Health Survey 2019.

Objective: To evaluate the association between self-reported sleep problems and the presence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and multimorbidity, and whether these associations differ by sex.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study performed with data from the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2019. Prevalence ratios between morbidities, the number of NCDs, and the self-report of sleep problems were estimated by Poisson regression with robust variance, according to sex.

Play, Learn, and Teach Outdoors-Network (PLaTO-Net): terminology, taxonomy, and ontology.

Background: A recent dialogue in the field of play, learn, and teach outdoors (referred to as "PLaTO" hereafter) demonstrated the need for developing harmonized and consensus-based terminology, taxonomy, and ontology for PLaTO. This is important as the field evolves and diversifies in its approaches, contents, and contexts over time and in different countries, cultures, and settings. Within this paper, we report the systematic and iterative processes undertaken to achieve this objective, which has built on the creation of the global PLaTO-Network (PLaTO-Net).

Transport properties of n-ethylene glycol aqueous solutions with focus on triethylene glycol-water.

Soret effect and diffusion in triethylene glycol (TEG)-water mixtures were investigated as a function of concentration at 25 °C by means of optical digital interferometry, with the use of a classical Soret cell. Diffusion D, thermal diffusion D, and Soret S coefficients are described for the full concentration range and an analysis is made individually for TEG-water mixture and within a series of n-ethylene glycol (n-EG) aqueous systems. All coefficients decrease with increasing the concentration of TEG and n-EG.

Everolimus-Induced Pneumonitis in Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Real-World Study on Risk Factors and Outcomes.

Background: Everolimus-induced pneumonitis (EiP) has been poorly studied in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) outside clinical trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of EiP in patients with NENs using real-world data.

Methods: Retrospective study of everolimus-treated patients with advanced NENs.

Association of the rs4646994 in gene with susceptibility to tuberculosis in a region of the Brazilian Amazon.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium and represents an important global public health issue. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and INDELs are common genetic variations that can be located in genes associated with immune response and, therefore, they may have direct implications over the phenotype of susceptibility to infections like tuberculosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between the 17 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in a Brazilian population.

Communication in health care from the experiences of Nursing students and teachers: contributions to health literacy.

The object of this study is communication about health in the training processes of nurses and the aim is to analyze the conceptions of teachers and students of an undergraduate nursing course about communication in regard to health based on the construct of health literacy. This is a descriptive, exploratory research, with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through individual narratives of students and semi-structured interviews with teachers at a public university.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of in the Treatment of Cyclophosphamide-induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Wistar Rats.

Background: Hemorrhagic cystitis is an inflammatory complication that can be caused by the administration of cyclophosphamide, which is widely used as an antineoplastic agent. In the search for new therapeutic alternatives, probiotics can suppress the inflammatory process and, therefore, can be used to prevent this disease.

Objective: Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of using Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM in the treatment of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in Wistar rats.

A single brief stressful event time-dependently affects object recognition memory and promotes familiarity preference in marmoset monkeys.

A stressful experience can enhance information storage and impair memory retrieval in the rodent novel object recognition (NOR) task. However, recent conflicting results underscore the need for further investigation. Nonhuman primates may provide a unique, underexplored and more translational means to investigate stress-mediated changes in memory.

Metabolomic and biochemical analysis of mesocarp tissues from table grape berries with contrasting firmness reveals cell wall modifications associated to harvest and cold storage.

Tissue texture influences the grape berry consumers acceptance. We studied the biological differences between the inner and outer mesocarp tissues in hard and soft berries of table grapes cv NN107. Texture analysis revealed lower levels of firmness in the inner mesocarp as compared with the outer tissue.

NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES: A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics.

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data.

Diet quality among older adults: What the Index Associated with the Digital Food Guide and the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised Reveal.

The aim of the present study was to compare the Diet Quality Index-Digital Food Guide (DQI-DFG) to a more widely used measure in the literature: the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R). A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 822 older adults (≥ 60 years) from the city of Campinas/SP, Brazil. The BHEI-R resulted in a higher overall score compared to DQI-DFG (62.

Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population: Development and Methods.

Background: This article describes the process and methods used in the development of the first ever Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population.

Methods: The steering committee established 8 working groups based on other guidelines and the Brazilian agenda for public health and physical activity (PA) promotion: (1) understanding PA; (2) children up to 5 years; (3) children and youth (6-17 y); (4) adults; (5) older adults (60 years and above); (6) physical education at school; (7) pregnant and postpartum women; and (8) people with disabilities. Working groups were formed to (1) synthesize the literature on each topic; (2) conduct workshops with stakeholders, health professionals, researchers, and the public; and (3) prepare a draft chapter for open online consultation.

Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population: Recommendations Report.

Background: This article presents the recommendations from the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population.

Methods: A steering committee composed of a chair, 6 experts in physical activity, and representatives from the Ministry of Health/Brazil, Pan American Health Organization, Brazilian Society of Physical Activity and Health designed the guidelines, which was implemented by 8 working groups, as follows: (1) understanding physical activity, (2) children up to 5 years old, (3) children and youth from 6 to 17 years old, (4) adults, (5) older adults (60 years and above), (6) physical education at school, (7) pregnant and postpartum women, and (8) people with disabilities. The methodological steps included evidence syntheses, hearings with key stakeholders, and public consultation.