Performance of an anthropometric assessment method as a predictor of low birthweight and being small for gestational age.

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of the method proposed in 2009 by the Institute of Medicine for the anthropometric assessment of pregnant women, predicting perinatal outcomes: adequacy of birthweight, adequacy of birthweight according to gestational age [small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA)] and gestational and neonatal complications.

Methods: The study comprised a cross-sectional study involving 827 post-partum women (>20 years) who were treated in a public maternity hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection occurred by interviews and record consultation.

Metabolic surgery: roux-en-Y gastric bypass and variables associated with diabetes remission in patients with BMI <35.

Metabolic results of bariatric surgery have determined an expansion of its traditional indications, being increasingly performed in non-severely obese patients, especially in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our aim is to determine the effectiveness of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) in T2DM remission in patients with body mass index (BMI) below 35 kg/m(2) and the variables associated with T2DM remission after surgery. Retrospective analysis of diabetic patients with BMI <35 kg/m(2) who underwent LRYGB in our center between 2002 and 2010 was done.

Psychopathic traits in young offenders vs. non-offenders in similar socioeconomic condition.

Objective: To analyze the differences in psychopathic traits between offender and non-offender youths with similar socioeconomic backgrounds.

Method: The Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) scale was used to identify whether 39 young offenders with no history of mental disorders or criteria for psychopathy exhibited differences in its total score, and specifically for factor 1 or factor 2 of this scale, when compared with 32 other young people, living in similar socioeconomic conditions, who had not committed offenses.

Results: We observed statistically significant between-group differences (p < 0.

[Clinical Nurse Specialist: a model of advanced nursing practice in pediatric oncology in Brazil].

The objective of this paper is to report the experience of implementing a model of advanced nursing practice that integrates a clinical nurse specialist into the nursing staff. The authors describe the concept of this model and the process of its implementation in a pediatric oncology reference institution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The main result achieved in evaluating the clinical nurse specialist was strengthening of the role of the nurse as a reference professional for the articulation of the various demands of care in assisting the child, adolescent or young adult with cancer and his/her family.

Portomesenteric vein thrombosis after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Introduction: Portal and mesenteric vein thrombosis are relatively uncommon surgical complications, with difficult diagnosis and potentially severe consequences due to higher risk of bowel infarction. The purpose of this study was to present a series of patients who developed postoperative portal vein thrombosis after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy between June 2005 and June 2011 who developed portal vein thrombosis.

Modeling the partitioning of amino acids in aqueous two phase systems.

A new model to obtain fast prediction of partition coefficients in polymer/polymer aqueous two phase systems (ATPSs) is presented, using amino acids as test systems. In particular, the partitioning behavior of eleven amino acids (glycine, alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine and serine) has been studied in 6 polymer/polymer ATPSs, formed by different pairs of nonionic polymers, including polyethylene glycol (PEG), Dextran, Ucon and Ficoll at 0.15M NaCl in 0.

Crucial CD8(+) T-lymphocyte cytotoxic role in amphotericin B nanospheres efficacy against experimental visceral leishmaniasis.

Unlabelled: This work aims to develop poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-nanospheres containing amphotericin B (AmB) with suitable physicochemical properties and anti-parasitic activity for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) therapy. When compared with unloaded-PLGA-nanospheres, the AmB-loaded PLGA-nanospheres displayed an increased particle size without affecting the polydispersity and its negative surface charge. AmB stability in the PLGA-nanospheres was >90% over 60-days at 30°C.

Dimensional assessment of psychopathy and its relationship with physiological responses to empathic images in juvenile offenders.

Objective: Many psychophysiological studies investigate whether psychopaths present low levels of electrodermal activity (EDA). However, despite evidence that varying degrees of psychopathy are normally distributed in the population, there is a paucity of EDA studies evaluating dimensionally. Moreover, although lack of empathy is a cornerstone of psychopathy, there has been a lack of studies using pictures of empathic emotional content to assess psychophysiological responses.

Effects of isolation and environmental variables on fish community structure in the Brazilian Amazon Madeira-Purus interfluve.

Due to the existence of terrestrial barriers to freshwater fish dispersion, it is believed that its distribution is strongly associated with historical factors related to the formation of the habitats they occupy. By the other hand, some studies reveal the influence of abiotic conditions (such as size of water bodies, pH, conductivity) on the composition of fish fauna occurring in small streams. This study aimed to investigate whether drainage basins, because catchment boundaries are potential barriers to fish dispersion, or the physical structure and physico-chemical characteristics of water have a greater influence on fish community structure in small streams.

Acute lymphocitic leukaemia and AIDS.

Patients with AIDS have become more and more prevalent. Therefore, the onset of diseases that coexist with this condition must be studied in order to establish proper diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of a patient who reported with loss of strength in the lower limbs and a progressive worsening in his clinical picture.

Tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide and N-benzyl-6',7'-dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,4'-thieno[3,2-c]pyran] analogues with bactericidal efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis targeting MmpL3.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major human pathogen and the causative agent for the pulmonary disease, tuberculosis (TB). Current treatment programs to combat TB are under threat due to the emergence of multi-drug and extensively-drug resistant TB. As part of our efforts towards the discovery of new anti-tubercular leads, a number of potent tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (THPP) and N-benzyl-6',7'-dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,4'-thieno[3,2-c]pyran] (Spiro) analogues were recently identified against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG through a high-throughput whole-cell screening campaign.

Neuroactive effects of cotinine on the hippocampus: behavioral and biochemical parameters.

The present work evaluated the effects of nicotine (NIC), cotinine (COT), mecamylamine (MEC), methyllycaconitine (MLA) and dihydro-beta-eritroidine (DHβE) on memory extinction and the following biochemical parameters of the hippocampus: lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant capacity (AC) and the phosphorylation of Extracellular-Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK 1/2). Young male rats that were implanted bilaterally with cannulae were submitted to memory extinction tests sessions, and their hippocampi were dissected for biochemical assays. The extinction of fear memory was significantly improved by both nicotine and its metabolite.

[Nutritional care and weight gain in pregnant adolescents: a quantitative and qualitative approach].

This study sought to evaluate the impact of nutritional assistance (intervention) on total gestational weight gain in adolescents and to understand the perceptions of adolescents regarding the intervention. It is a quantitative and qualitative survey using triangulation methods conducted in a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro with 204 adolescents, divided into pre-intervention and intervention groups. The hypothesis of homogeneity of proportions was tested by bivariate and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression with robust variance.

Gene expression and biochemical responses in brain of zebrafish Danio rerio exposed to organic nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and fullerenol (C60(OH)18-22(OK4)).

Nanomaterials (NM) industry had grown in the last decade, although there are few studies concerning its potential toxicity effects on aquatic organisms. In this study the freshwater zebrafish (Danio rerio) was exposed to two kinds of carbon NM, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and fullerenol [C60(OH)18-22(OK4)] to analyze oxidative stress responses on fish brain. Adult zebrafish (mean mass: 0.

Fueling open-source drug discovery: 177 small-molecule leads against tuberculosis.

With the aim of fuelling open-source, translational, early-stage drug discovery activities, the results of the recently completed antimycobacterial phenotypic screening campaign against Mycobacterium bovis BCG with hit confirmation in M. tuberculosis H37Rv were made publicly accessible. A set of 177 potent non-cytotoxic H37Rv hits was identified and will be made available to maximize the potential impact of the compounds toward a chemical genetics/proteomics exercise, while at the same time providing a plethora of potential starting points for new synthetic lead-generation activities.

Identification of novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine inhibitors targeting M. tuberculosis QcrB.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major human pathogen and the causative agent for the pulmonary disease, tuberculosis (TB). Current treatment programs to combat TB are under threat due to the emergence of multi-drug and extensively-drug resistant TB. Through the use of high throughput whole cell screening of an extensive compound library a number of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (IP) compounds were obtained as potent lead molecules active against M.

History of cigarette smoking is associated with higher limbic GABAA receptor availability.

Cigarette smoking presents a significant worldwide healthcare challenge. Preclinical, genetic association and clinical trials studies provide considerable evidence for the involvement of the human γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in the neurobiology of nicotine addiction. However there are few human GABA neurochemical imaging studies of nicotine addiction.

Solvatochromic relationship: prediction of distribution of ionic solutes in aqueous two-phase systems.

Partition ratios of several ionic compounds in 20 different polymer/polymer aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) containing 0.15 M NaCl in 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.

Use of infliximab in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic hepatitis B.

Anti-TNF-α agents have emerged as a potent treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis unresponsive to conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Increased susceptibility to infections induced by these drugs is the main complication of their use. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most worrisome side effects in patients with HBV infection receiving anti-TNF-α.

Strictosidinic acid, isolated from Psychotria myriantha Mull. Arg. (Rubiaceae), decreases serotonin levels in rat hippocampus.

Psychotria is a complex genus whose neotropical species are known by the presence of glucosidic monoterpene indole alkaloids. These compounds are able to display a large range of effects on the central nervous system, such as anxiolytic, antidepressant, analgesic, and impairment of learning and memory acquisition. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects displayed by strictosidinic acid, isolated from Psychotria myriantha Mull.

Morphological heterogeneity of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: relevance of the Rho-like GTPase PbCDC42.

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis budding pattern and polymorphic growth were previously shown to be closely linked to the expression of PbCDC42 and to influence the pathogenesis of the fungus. In this work we conducted a detailed morphogenetic evaluation of the yeast-forms of 11 different clinical and environmental P. brasiliensis isolates comprising four phylogenetic lineages (S1, PS2, PS3 and Pb01-like), as well as a PbCDC42 knock-down strain.

[Pre-pregnancy nutritional status, maternal weight gain, prenatal care, and adverse perinatal outcomes among adolescent mothers].

Objective: To identify the association between pre-gestational nutritional status, maternal weight gain, and prenatal care with low birth weight (LBW) and prematurity outcomes in infants of adolescent mothers.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 542 pairs of adolescent mothers and their children attending a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected from medical records.

In vitro exposure to fullerene C(60) influences redox state and lipid peroxidation in brain and gills from Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae).

Studies concerning the impact of nanomaterials, especially fullerene (C(60) ), in fresh water environments and their effects on the physiology of aquatic organisms are still scarce and conflicting. We aimed to assess in vitro effects of fullerene in brain and gill homogenates of carp Cyprinus carpio, evaluating redox parameters. A fullerene suspension was prepared by continued stirring under fluorescent light during two months.

Participation of hippocampal cholinergic system in memory persistence for inhibitory avoidance in rats.

Memory persistence needs a new event of consolidation 12h after the acquisition. We investigated the role of the cholinergic activity on the persistence of memory. For this purpose, we performed the treatments 9 or 12h after acquisition and the memory tested 2 or 7 days after inhibitory avoidance (IA) training.