Dengue-Associated Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Is an Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Variant Rather than a Mimic: Evidence From a Systematic Review.

Background: Bilateral hemorrhagic thalamic lesions in dengue encephalitis resemble lesions seen in acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE). We investigate whether dengue-associated ANE (DANE) should be considered an ANE variant or a mimic.

Methods: Systematic review of dengue encephalitis literature from PubMed and SCOPUS (inception to December 31, 2022).

Tracking implementation strategies in real-world settings: VA Office of Rural Health enterprise-wide initiative portfolio.

Objective: To use a practical approach to examining the use of Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) strategies by Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) dimensions for rural health innovations using annual reports on a diverse array of initiatives.

Data Sources And Study Setting: The Veterans Affairs (VA) Office of Rural Health (ORH) funds initiatives designed to support the implementation and spread of innovations and evidence-based programs and practices to improve the health of rural Veterans. This study draws on the annual evaluation reports submitted for fiscal years 2020-2022 from 30 of these enterprise-wide initiatives (EWIs).

Radioprotective effect of the anti-diabetic drug metformin.

Metformin is a biguanide currently used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. Besides its anti-glycemic effects, metformin has been reported to induce different cellular pleiotropic effects, depending on concentration and time of treatment. Here we report one administration of metformin (0.

ERS International Congress 2023: highlights from the Respiratory Clinical Care and Physiology Assembly.

It is a challenge to keep abreast of all the clinical and scientific advances in the field of respiratory medicine. This article contains an overview of laboratory-based science, clinical trials and qualitative research that were presented during the 2023 European Respiratory Society International Congress within the sessions from the five groups of Assembly 1 (Respiratory Clinical Care and Physiology). Selected presentations are summarised from a wide range of topics: clinical problems, rehabilitation and chronic care, general practice and primary care, electronic/mobile health (e-health/m-health), clinical respiratory physiology, exercise and functional imaging.

Simulated galactic cosmic radiation-induced cancer progression in mice.

Prolonged manned space flight exposure risks to galactic comic radiation, has led to uncertainties in a variety of health risks. Our previous work, utilizing either single ion or multiple ion radiation exposure conducted at the NSRL (NASA Space Radiation Laboratory, Brookhaven, NY) demonstrated that HZE ion components of the GCR result in persistent inflammatory signaling, increased mutations, and higher rates of cancer initiation and progression. With the development of the 33-beam galactic cosmic radiation simulations (GCRsim) at the NSRL, we can more closely test on earth the radiation environment found in space.

Investigating the sources and fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in food waste compost.

Composting municipal food waste is a key strategy for beneficially reusing methane-producing waste that would otherwise occupy landfill space. However, land-applied compost can cycle per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) back into the food supply and the environment. We partnered with a pilot-scale windrow composting facility to investigate the sources and fate of 40 PFAS in food waste compost.

Patient-Reported Outcomes on Subjective Nipple Sensation After Double-Incision and Periareolar Mastectomy for Chest Masculinization: Subjective Nipple Sensation After Chest Masculinization.

We evaluated patient-reported outcomes to assess for patient and procedural factors associated with postchest masculinization subjective nipple sensation. Patients who underwent double-incision or periareolar mastectomies for chest masculinization by a single senior surgeon (2015-2019) were surveyed at 2 time points regarding postoperative nipple sensation and satisfaction, including patient-reported outcomes using BODY-Q modules (Q-Portfolio.org).

Enhancing massed prolonged exposure with cannabidiol to improve posttraumatic stress disorder: Design and methodology of a pilot randomized clinical trial.

Background: The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is substantial and often results in pervasive functional impairments. Although evidence-based treatments for PTSD are established, there remains room for improvement as many individuals continue to meet diagnostic criteria even after successful treatment completion. Cannabidiol (CBD) has attracted considerable attention based on its potential to treat a myriad of health conditions.

Association of Muscle Quality and Pain in Adults With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis, Independent of Muscle Strength: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic pain in adults and shows wide interindividual variability, with peripheral and central factors contributing to the pain experience. Periarticular factors, such as muscle quality (eg, echo intensity [EI] and shear wave velocity [SWV]), may contribute to knee OA pain; however, the role of muscle quality in OA symptoms has yet to be fully established.

Methods: Twenty-six adults (age >50 years) meeting clinical criteria for knee OA were included in this cross-sectional study.

Modelling bronchial epithelial-fibroblast cross-talk in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) using a human-derived in vitro air liquid interface (ALI) culture.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating form of respiratory disease with a life expectancy of 3-4 years. Inflammation, epithelial injury and myofibroblast proliferation have been implicated in disease initiation and, recently, epithelial-fibroblastic crosstalk has been identified as a central driver. However, the ability to interrogate this crosstalk is limited due to the absence of in vitro models that mimic physiological conditions.

A Conformable Organic Electronic Device for Monitoring Epithelial Integrity at the Air Liquid Interface.

Air liquid interfaced (ALI) epithelial barriers are essential for homeostatic functions such as nutrient transport and immunological protection. Dysfunction of such barriers are implicated in a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and, as such, sensors capable of monitoring barrier health are integral for disease modelling, diagnostics and drug screening applications. To date, gold-standard electrical methods for detecting barrier resistance require rigid electrodes bathed in an electrolyte, which limits compatibility with biological architectures and is non-physiological for ALI.

Sternal bone anatomy on preoperative imaging as an independent predictor of deep sternal dehiscence following median sternotomy.

Complications following median sternotomy are associated with morbidity, mortality, and major healthcare costs. With plastic surgeons being increasingly consulted to close complex sternotomy wounds, a more accurate risk stratification tool for this comorbid patient population is warranted. This study examines the association of preoperative radiologic sternal measurements and deep sternal dehiscence, comparing this with other known clinical risk factors.

Persistent Biofluid Small-Molecule Alterations Induced by Infection Are Not Restored by Parasite Elimination.

Chagas disease (CD), caused by () protozoa, is a complicated parasitic illness with inadequate medical measures for diagnosing infection and monitoring treatment success. To address this gap, we analyzed changes in the metabolome of -infected mice via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry of clinically accessible biofluids: saliva, urine, and plasma. Urine was the most indicative of infection status across mouse and parasite genotypes.

Hemostasis defects underlying the hemorrhagic syndrome caused by mammarenaviruses in a cynomolgus macaque model.

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (HF) are a group of acute febrile diseases with high mortality rates. Although hemostatic dysfunction appears to be a major determinant of the severity of the disease, it is still unclear what pathogenic mechanisms lead to it. In clinical studies it is found that arenaviruses, such as Lassa, Machupo, and Guanarito viruses cause HF that vary in symptoms and biological alterations.

Mouse Models of Henipavirus Infection.

The Nipah and Hendra viruses, belonging to henipavirus genus, are recently emerged zoonotic pathogens that cause severe and often fatal, neurologic, and/or respiratory diseases in both humans and various animals. As mice represent a small animal model convenient to study viral infections and provide a well-developed experimental toolbox for analysis in immunovirology, we describe in this chapter a few basic methods used in biosafety 4 level (BSL4) conditions to study henipavirus infection in mice.

The Effect of Preoperative Diagnosis of Depression and/or Anxiety on Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Chest Wall Masculinization Surgery.

Background: Individuals with gender dysphoria have disproportionately high rates of depression and anxiety compared to the cisgender population. Although the benefits of gender affirmation surgery have been well documented, it is unclear whether depression and anxiety affect postoperative patient-reported outcomes (PRO).

Objectives: The authors evaluated the impact of preoperative anxiety or depression on clinical and PRO in patients undergoing chest masculinization surgery.

The use of abdominal wall tissue expansion prior to herniorrhaphy in massive ventral hernia defects.

Background: Massive ventral hernias pose a challenging reconstructive problem. In comparison to bridging mesh repair, the primary fascial repair is associated with significantly reduced rates of hernia recurrence. This study will review our experience with massive ventral hernia repairs using tissue expansion and anterior component separation as well as present the largest case series to date.

Development, Validation, and Clinical Utility of a Six-gene Signature to Predict Aggressive Prostate Cancer.

Background: Molecular signatures in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue can provide useful prognostic information to improve the understanding of a patient's risk of harbouring aggressive disease.

Objective: To develop and validate a gene signature that adds independent prognostic information to clinical parameters for better treatment decisions and patient management.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Expression of 14 genes was evaluated in radical prostatectomy (RP) tissue from an Irish cohort of PCa patients (n = 426).

Activating an Adaptive Immune Response with a Telomerase-Mediated Telomere Targeting Therapeutic in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

A select group of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) benefit from surgical, radiologic, and systemic therapies that include a combination of anti-angiogenic and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. However, because HCC is generally asymptomatic in its early stages, this not only leads to late diagnosis, but also to therapy resistance. The nucleoside analogue 6-thio-dG (THIO) is a first-in-class telomerase-mediated telomere-targeting anticancer agent.

Rapid protection induced by a single-shot Lassa vaccine in male cynomolgus monkeys.

Lassa fever hits West African countries annually in the absence of licensed vaccine to limit the burden of this viral hemorrhagic fever. We previously developed MeV-NP, a single-shot vaccine protecting cynomolgus monkeys against divergent strains one month or more than a year before Lassa virus infection. Given the limited dissemination area during outbreaks and the risk of nosocomial transmission, a vaccine inducing rapid protection could be useful to protect exposed people during outbreaks in the absence of preventive vaccination.