Prevalence of pain phenotypes and co-morbidities of chronic pain in Parkinson's Disease.

Objective: The prevalence of chronic pain in Parkinson's disease (PD) in neurology practices ranges from 24 % to 83 %. To determine whether this prevalence is accurate across patients with PD, we leveraged data from electronic medical records in 80 inpatient and outpatient general practice settings.

Methods: We explored the prevalence of chronic pain in patients with PD relative to age and sex-matched controls in a large international database with electronic medical records from over 250 million patients (TriNetX Cambridge, MA, USA).

Intestinal tuft cell immune privilege enables norovirus persistence.

The persistent murine norovirus strain MNV is a model for human norovirus and enteric viral persistence. MNV causes chronic infection by directly infecting intestinal tuft cells, rare chemosensory epithelial cells. Although MNV induces functional MNV-specific CD8 T cells, these lymphocytes fail to clear infection.

Tuft cells mediate commensal remodeling of the small intestinal antimicrobial landscape.

Succinate produced by the commensal protist () stimulates chemosensory tuft cells, resulting in intestinal type 2 immunity. Tuft cells express the succinate receptor SUCNR1, yet this receptor does not mediate antihelminth immunity nor alter protist colonization. Here, we report that microbial-derived succinate increases Paneth cell numbers and profoundly alters the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) landscape in the small intestine.

Gut microbiota modulates bleomycin-induced acute lung injury response in mice.

Background: Airway instillation of bleomycin (BLM) in mice is a widely used, yet challenging, model for acute lung injury (ALI) with high variability in treatment scheme and animal outcomes among investigators. Whether the gut microbiota plays any role in the outcome of BLM-induced lung injury is currently unknown.

Methods: Intratracheal instillation of BLM into C57BL/6 mice was performed.

Safeguarding people living in vulnerable conditions in the COVID-19 era through universal health coverage and social protection.

The COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented. The pandemic not only induced a public health crisis, but has led to severe economic, social, and educational crises. Across economies and societies, the distributional consequences of the pandemic have been uneven.

Symptoms of Burnout Among Surgeons Are Correlated with a Higher Incidence of Perceived Medical Errors.

Background: Nearly 44% of practicing physicians in the USA report symptoms of burnout. Psychological distress and loss of joy in medicine are associated with malpractice lawsuits and attrition from medical practice and may correlate with the rate of perceived medical errors.

Questions/purposes: We sought to answer two questions: (1) What physician factors are associated with the number of perceived medical errors among practicing surgeons in the prior 3 months? (2) What characteristics are associated with symptoms of burnout among practicing surgeons?

Methods: We created a cross-sectional survey and invited members of the Science of Variation Group to respond between December 2018 and January 2019.

Positive psychology in health care: defining key stakeholders and their roles.

Lifestyle-related diseases have common risk factors: physical inactivity, poor diet, inadequate sleep, high stress, substance use, and social isolation. Evidence is mounting for the benefits of incorporating effective methods that promote healthy lifestyle habits into routine health care treatments. Research has established that healthy habits foster psychological and physiological health and that emotional well-being is central to achieving total well-being.

Adipocytokines and their relationship to endometrial cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To investigate the association between circulating levels of adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL-6)) and growth factors (insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and II (IGF-II)), and the risk of endometrial cancer.

Methods: Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, Medline and Web of Science were searched for English-language manuscripts published between January 2000 and August 2018 using the following string of words: cancer and endometrial and (obesity or BMI) and (adiponectin or TNF* or IGF-I or IGF-II or IL-6 or leptin).

Results: Twenty articles were included in this meta-analysis, which corresponded to 18 studies involving 2921 endometrial carcinoma cases and 5302 controls.

Ethical and Logistical Considerations of Caring for Older Adults on Inpatient Psychiatry During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought challenges to delivery of care for older adults on inpatient psychiatry. We describe two cases: patient A, a 62-year-old woman who initially refused screening for potential COVID-19, bringing up questions about threshold for capacity when public health is at risk and questions about whether screening for infection should be different in older adults. The other case, patient B, is that of an 83-year-old man who was on the unit when patient A tested positive, and brought up concerns for risk of dissemination in the context of wandering, spitting behaviors, and inability to adhere to room isolation or masking measures.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis in a patient treated with dabrafenib and trametinib for BRAF V600E positive lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy is approved for the treatment of patients with BRAF V600E positive tumors including melanoma and lung cancer. The effect of BRAF and MEK inhibitors on the immune system is not fully understood although a number of case reports indicate autoimmune side effects related to the use of these drugs. Here, we discuss a case of a patient diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) shortly after starting treatment with dabrafenib and trametinib for BRAF V600E positive metastatic lung adenocarcinoma.

The influence of a lipid reservoir on the tear film formation.

We present a mathematical model to study the influence of a lipid reservoir, seen experimentally, at the lid margin on the formation and relaxation of the tear film during a partial blink. Applying the lubrication limit, we derive two coupled non-linear partial differential equations characterizing the evolution of the aqueous tear fluid and the covering insoluble lipid concentration. Departing from prior works, we explore a new set of boundary conditions (BCs) enforcing hypothesized lipid concentration dynamics at the lid margins.

Gabapentin for alcohol use disorder: A good option, or cause for concern?

The anticonvulsant drug gabapentin is used off-label to treat alcohol-related withdrawal, cravings, anxiety, and insomnia. Although it is well tolerated and has demonstrated efficacy for mild alcohol withdrawal and early abstinence, there is concern about its potential for abuse. Gabapentin should be prescribed only as a second-line alternative to standard therapies, and only after screening for opioid or other prescription drug abuse to determine if heightened monitoring is warranted.

Inebilizumab for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (N-MOmentum): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial.

Background: No approved therapies exist for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), a rare, relapsing, autoimmune, inflammatory disease of the CNS that causes blindness and paralysis. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of inebilizumab, an anti-CD19, B cell-depleting antibody, in reducing the risk of attacks and disability in NMOSD.

Methods: We did a multicentre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled phase 2/3 study at 99 outpatient specialty clinics or hospitals in 25 countries.

Measurements of the radiographic cardiac silhouette of ospreys ().

Objective: To evaluate and report measurements of the radiographic cardiac silhouette of healthy juvenile and adult ospreys ().

Animals: 54 ospreys (22 adults, 19 juveniles, and 13 birds of undetermined age) without clinical signs of cardiac disease and with adequate ventrodorsal radiographic images for cardiac silhouette assessment.

Procedures: Radiographs of ospreys were assessed to determine cardiac width at the widest point as well as sternal width and thoracic width at the same level.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: Patient experience and quality of life.

Objective: To gain insights into NMOSD disease impact, which may negatively affect QoL of patients, their families, and social network.

Methods: The current study used validated instruments to assess physical, emotional, and socioeconomic burden of NMOSD on QoL among 193 patients.

Results: A majority of patients reported an initial diagnosis of a disease other than NMOSD.

P311 Promotes Lung Fibrosis via Stimulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1, -β2, and -β3 Translation.

Interstitial lung fibrosis, a frequently idiopathic and fatal disease, has been linked to the increased expression of profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-βs. P311 is an RNA-binding protein that stimulates TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3 translation in several cell types through its interaction with the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3b. We report that P311 is switched on in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and in the mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Plasma N-Glycan Signatures Are Associated With Features of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Background & Aims: Biomarkers are needed for early detection of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) or to predict patient outcomes. Glycosylation is a common and complex posttranslational modification of proteins that affects their structure and activity. We compared plasma N-glycosylation profiles between patients with CD or UC and healthy individuals (controls).

Dynamics of metatranscription in the inflammatory bowel disease gut microbiome.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic diseases of the digestive tract that affects millions of people worldwide. Genetic, environmental and microbial factors have been implicated in the onset and exacerbation of IBD. However, the mechanisms associating gut microbial dysbioses and aberrant immune responses remain largely unknown.

Safety and tolerability of inebilizumab (MEDI-551), an anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody, in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis: Results from a phase 1 randomised, placebo-controlled, escalating intravenous and subcutaneous dose study.

Background: B cells may be involved in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Inebilizumab (formerly MEDI-551) binds to and depletes CD19 B cells.

Objectives: To assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity of inebilizumab in adults with relapsing MS.