Inactivation of GSK3β by Ser phosphorylation prevents thymocyte necroptosis and impacts Tcr repertoire diversity.

The assembly of Tcrb and Tcra genes require double negative (DN) thymocytes to undergo multiple rounds of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), followed by their efficient repair. However, mechanisms governing cell cycle checkpoints and specific survival pathways during the repair process remain unclear. Here, we report high-resolution scRNA-seq analyses of individually sorted mouse DN3 and DN4 thymocytes, which reveals a G2M cell cycle checkpoint, in addition to the known G1 checkpoint, during Tcrb and Tcra recombination.

Overview of the Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) Field Experiment.

The Alaskan Layered Pollution And Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) field experiment was a collaborative study designed to improve understanding of pollution sources and chemical processes during winter (cold climate and low-photochemical activity), to investigate indoor pollution, and to study dispersion of pollution as affected by frequent temperature inversions. A number of the research goals were motivated by questions raised by residents of Fairbanks, Alaska, where the study was held. This paper describes the measurement strategies and the conditions encountered during the January and February 2022 field experiment, and reports early examples of how the measurements addressed research goals, particularly those of interest to the residents.

A multiplicative hazard regression model to assess the risk of disease transmission at hospital during community epidemics.

Background: During community epidemics, infections may be imported within hospital and transmitted to hospitalized patients. Hospital outbreaks of communicable diseases have been increasingly reported during the last decades and have had significant consequences in terms of patient morbidity, mortality, and associated costs. Quantitative studies are thus needed to estimate the risks of communicable diseases among hospital patients, taking into account the epidemiological process outside, hospital and host-related risk factors of infection and the role of other patients and healthcare workers as sources of infection.

Risk of influenza-like illness in an acute health care setting during community influenza epidemics in 2004-2005, 2005-2006, and 2006-2007: a prospective study.

Background: The person-to-person transmission of influenza-like illness (ILI) and influenza has been described mostly in long-term care units. Studies in acute hospital settings are rare and mostly retrospective.

Methods: We prospectively estimated the relative risk (RR) of hospital-acquired (HA) ILI during hospitalization according to in-hospital exposures to contagious individuals.

Importance of viral and bacterial infections in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations.

Background: Few studies have evaluated the contribution of both viruses and bacteria in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).

Objectives: This study estimated the burden of both types of pathogens among adults seeking care for an AECOPD during two consecutive winter seasons.

Study Design: Patients 50 years or older who consulted within 10 days of AECOPD onset were eligible.

Hospital-acquired influenza: a synthesis using the Outbreak Reports and Intervention Studies of Nosocomial Infection (ORION) statement.

Nosocomial influenza outbreaks occur in almost all types of hospital wards, and their consequences for patients and hospitals in terms of morbidity, mortality and costs are considerable. The source of infection is often unknown, since any patient, healthcare worker (HCW) or visitor is capable of transmitting it to susceptible persons within hospitals. Nosocomial influenza outbreak investigations should help to identify the source of infection, prevent additional cases, and increase our knowledge of disease control to face future outbreaks.

Cerebral MR imaging in uninfected children born to HIV-seropositive mothers and perinatally exposed to zidovudine.

Background And Purpose: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported in HIV-negative children perinatally exposed to zidovudine, a drug often used in HIV-seropositive mothers during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of cerebral MR imaging findings in HIV-uninfected children exposed to zidovudine who present with unexplained neurologic symptoms.

Methods: Two expert groups conducted a systematic, retrospective review of all cerebral MR images available in a multicentric, nationwide French prospective cohort of children born to HIV-seropositive mothers to identify imaging abnormalities.

Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-1-exposed but uninfected infants: clinical screening in a large prospective cohort.

Background: Antiretroviral prevention of mother to child HIV-1 is established but tolerance remains to be assessed. AIM To determine the risk for persistent mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-uninfected children born to seropositive mothers.

Method: An exhaustive study in a large prospective cohort with predetermined algorithm of the unexplained symptoms compatible with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Canadian survey of clinical status at dialysis initiation 1998-1999: a multicenter prospective survey.

Aims: The current growth in end-stage kidney disease populations has led to increased efforts to understand the impact of status at dialysis initiation on long-term outcomes. Our main objective was to improve the understanding of current Canadian nephrology practice between October 1998 and December 1999.

Methods: Fifteen nephrology centers in 7 provinces participated in a prospective data collection survey.

Risk of early febrile seizure with perinatal exposure to nucleoside analogues.

The frequency of seizures was studied in a prospective cohort of French children born to HIV-1-infected mothers. The analysis was restricted to the 4426 uninfected children, whether or not exposed to antiretrovirals. 81 convulsions were reported up to the age of 18 months, and 30 children fulfilled the criteria for simple febrile seizures.

Lamivudine-zidovudine combination for prevention of maternal-infant transmission of HIV-1.

Context: Zidovudine reduces maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection by two thirds. Combination antiretroviral therapies are potentially more effective prevention.

Objectives: To assess the safety of perinatal lamivudine-zidovudine therapy, especially in children, and its effects on viral load, acquisition of drug resistance, and maternal-infant transmission of HIV-1 in a nonbreastfeeding population.

Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction and perinatal exposure to antiretroviral nucleoside analogues.

Background: Zidovudine is commonly administered during pregnancy to prevent mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission. We investigated mitochondrial toxic effects in children exposed to zidovudine in utero and after birth.

Methods: We analysed observations of a trial of tolerance of combined zidovudine and lamivudine and preliminary results of a continuing retrospective analysis of clinical and biological symptoms of mitochondrial dysfunction in children born to HIV-1-infected women in France.

[2 epidemics of arsenical encephalopathy in the treatment of trypanosomiasis, Uganda, 1992-1993].

Since 1988, the french non-governmental organisation Médecins Sans Frontières is running a control program of human african trypanosomiasis in the district of Moyo, North-Uganda. Between 1988 and 1993, more than 7,000 patients were diagnosed and treated. Since 1988, it has been noted that incidence of melarsoprol reaction had increased systematically between June and October of each year, indicating strong seasonal variation.

[Electrophysiological study of pro-arrhythmogenic effects of erythromycin].

Three cases of torsades de pointe induced by erythromycin have recently been reported. After observing a new case, the authors tried to demonstrate the possible mechanism of the arrhythmogenic action of this molecule. Twenty-two patients undergoing electrophysiological studies in the catheter laboratory to determine the cause of syncope were given an intravenous injection of 10 mg/Kg of erythromycin lactobionate.