Does pregnancy in adolescence increase the chances of osteoporosis among aged women? Findings from the ELSI study.

Objective: Bone mineral density changes during the life span, rising rapidly during adolescence, plateauing around 30 years of age and decreasing in later years. Life events such as pregnancy and lactation temporarily reduce bone density, and their long-term effects on osteoporosis development are still unclear. This study aimed to analyse the association between pregnancy in adolescence and osteoporosis in aged women.

Effect of coenzyme Q10 on tibial fracture resistance in nicotine-exposed rats.

The study aimed to evaluate the potential protection against fractures of oral Q10 supplementation in the tibias of rats exposed to nicotine. Nicotine is known to negatively impact bone density and increase the risk of fractures, in addition to affecting other systems such as the gastrointestinal system, impairing its absorption capacity, negatively affecting bone health. To investigate this, eighty male rats were divided into four groups (n = 20) receiving either nicotine hemisulfate or saline solution (SS) for 28 days.

Interactive impact of residual pyrethroid compounds used in the Chilean salmon farming industry and coastal acidification conditions on the feeding performance of farmed mussels in northern Patagonia.

The use of pyrethroids in aquaculture has been an important component of achieving a thriving salmon farming industry in Chile. While the residual presence of such substances is known to depend on environmental conditions, most ecotoxicological studies to date have not considered environmental context. Here, we conducted oceanographic monitoring combined with experiments aiming to estimate the effects of two pyrethroids on the feeding rates of larvae of farmed mussels, Mytilus chilensis.

Safety assessment of rat embryonic fraction for in vivo regenerative therapy.

Regenerative therapy is considered a novel option for treating various diseases, whereas a developing embryo is a prime source of molecules that help repair diseased tissue and organs. Organoid culture studies also confirmed the inherent biological functions of several embryonic factors. However, the in vivo safety and efficacy of embryonic protein fraction (EPF) were not validated.

Frailty and spatialization of older adults in the city of Uberlândia with IVCF-20.

Objective: To describe the functional clinical profile of elderly people linked to primary health care, using the Functional Clinical Vulnerability Index (IVCF-20) and to spatialize those with the greatest functional decline by primary health care units in the municipality of Uberlândia, in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), in the year 2022.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with secondary data from the Municipal Health Department of Uberlândia-MG. The variables were compared using Student's t-test, Mann Whitney test, Pearson's chi-square, and multinomial logistic regression to obtain the independent effect of each variable.

Groundwater Leaching Potential of Pesticides: A Historic Review and Critical Analysis.

We evaluated the main leaching indices that have been used for decades for the protection of groundwater against contamination by pesticides. We describe the index classifications in detail and discuss their advantages and limitations relative to their prediction value. Most of the indices have similarities in the types of parameters they use.

[Population characterization of mutations for sickle cell anemia and its treatment: One step towards personalized medicine for the disease].

Unlabelled: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most common genetic disease worldwide. There are countries with massive public health programs for early detection of this condition. In the literature, several specific haplotypes or single-base polymorphic variants (SNPs) have been associated with the SCA prognosis.

Assessing ammonium pollution and mitigation measures through a modified watershed non-point source model.

Watershed water quality modeling is a valuable tool for managing ammonium (NH) pollution. However, simulating NH pollution presents unique challenges due to the inherent instability of NH in natural environment. This study modified the widely-used Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to simulate non-point source (NPS) NH processes, specifically incorporating the simulation of land-to-water NH delivery.

Chia flour combined with a high fat diet increases propionic acid production and improves the microbial richness and diversity in female Wistar rats.

Chia is a functional food because of its positive impact on reducing the risk of metabolic diseases. These benefits are due to its nutritional composition as a source of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds. In our previous study, chia consumption increased the richness of the microbiota and the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) when consumed by male Wistar rats, so, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of the consumption of chia with a high fat diet on gut health in female Wistar rats.

Passive-Sampler-Derived PCB and OCP Concentrations in the Waters of the World─First Results from the AQUA-GAPS/MONET Network.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are recognized as pollutants of global concern, but so far, information on the trends of legacy POPs in the waters of the world has been missing due to logistical, analytical, and financial reasons. Passive samplers have emerged as an attractive alternative to active water sampling methods as they accumulate POPs, represent time-weighted average concentrations, and can easily be shipped and deployed. As part of the AQUA-GAPS/MONET, passive samplers were deployed at 40 globally distributed sites between 2016 and 2020, for a total of 21 freshwater and 40 marine deployments.

Exposure of the Gestating Mother to Sympathetic Stress Modifies the Cardiovascular Function of the Progeny in Male Rats.

Background: Sympathetic stress stimulates norepinephrine (NE) release from sympathetic nerves. During pregnancy, it modifies the fetal environment, increases NE to the fetus through the placental NE transporter, and affects adult physiological functions. Gestating rats were exposed to stress, and then the heart function and sensitivity to in vivo adrenergic stimulation were studied in male progeny.

Aromatic Bromination Abolishes Deficits in Visuospatial Learning Induced by MDMA ("Ecstasy") in Rats While Preserving the Ability to Increase LTP in the Prefrontal Cortex.

It has recently been demonstrated that aromatic bromination at C(2) abolishes all typical psychomotor, and some key prosocial effects of the entactogen MDMA in rats. Nevertheless, the influence of aromatic bromination on MDMA-like effects on higher cognitive functions remains unexplored. In the present work, the effects of MDMA and its brominated analog 2Br-4,5-MDMA (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg i.

Nanomolar clodronate induces adenosine accumulation in the perfused rat mesenteric bed and mesentery-derived endothelial cells.

The vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) is critical for sympathetic co-transmission and purinergic transmission maintenance. To examine this proposal, we assessed whether the bisphosphonate clodronate, claimed as a potent VNUT blocker, modified spontaneous and/or the electrically evoked overflow of ATP/metabolites and NA from mesentery sympathetic perivascular nerve terminals. Additionally, in primary endothelial cell cultures derived from this tissue, we also evaluated whether clodronate interfered with ATP/metabolite cell outflow and metabolism of N-etheno adenosine 5'-triphosphate (eATP), N-etheno adenosine (eADO), and adenosine deaminase enzyme activity.

The Role of the Paraventricular-Coerulear Network on the Programming of Hypertension by Prenatal Undernutrition.

A crucial etiological component in fetal programming is early nutrition. Indeed, early undernutrition may cause a chronic increase in blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and heart failure. In this regard, current evidence has sustained several pathological mechanisms involving changes in central and peripheral targets.

Prefrontal Cortical Control of Activity in Nucleus Accumbens Core Is Weakened by High-Fat Diet and Prevented by Co-Treatment with N-Acetylcysteine: Implications for the Development of Obesity.

A loss of neuroplastic control on nucleus accumbens (NAc) neuronal activity exerted by the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) through long-term depression (LTD) is involved in triggering drug-seeking behavior and relapse on several substances of abuse due to impaired glutamate homeostasis in tripartite synapses of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core. To test whether this maladaptive neuroplastic mechanism underlies the addiction-like behavior induced in young mice by a high-fat diet (HFD), we utilized 28-days-old male mice fed HFD ad-libitum over 2 weeks, followed by 5 days of HFD abstinence. Control groups were fed a regular diet.

Analysis of the contribution of locally derived wastewater to the occurrence of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Antarctic coastal waters.

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) are emerging pollutants detected in many locations of the world including Antarctica. The main objective of this review is to discuss the influence of the human population on the concentration, distribution and biological effects of PPCPs across the Antarctic coastal marine ecosystem. We carried out a review of the scientific articles published for PPCPs in Antarctic, supported by the information of the Antarctic stations reported by Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (CONMAP), Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (ATS).

Effects of exercise anticipation on cardiorespiratory coherence.

In this study, we explored the role of feedforward mechanisms in triggering cardiorespiratory adjustments before the onset of exercise. To isolate the feedforward aspects, we examined the effect of exercise anticipation on cardiorespiratory coherence. Twenty-nine healthy males (age = 18.

Diagnosis of vaccination rooms in Brazilian primary health care centers taking part in the PlanificaSUS project, 2019.

Objective: To describe the diagnosis of vaccination rooms in primary healthcare centers in Brazil.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with secondary data of convenience sampling comprised of 25 rooms. Results of a checklist adapted from the Vaccine Room Supervision Tool of the National Immunization Program in 2019 regarding the dimensions 'general organization', 'general aspects', 'technical procedures', 'cold chain', 'information system', 'adverse events following vaccination', 'special immunobiological agents', 'epidemiological surveillance' and 'health education', were used.

Neuropathic Pain Induces Interleukin-1β Sensitive Bimodal Glycinergic Activity in the Central Amygdala.

Neuropathic pain reduces GABA and glycine receptor (GlyR)-mediated activity in spinal and supraspinal regions associated with pain processing. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) alters Central Amygdala (CeA) excitability by reducing glycinergic inhibition in a mechanism that involves the auxiliary β-subunit of GlyR (βGlyR), which is highly expressed in this region. However, GlyR activity and its modulation by IL-1β in supraspinal brain regions under neuropathic pain have not been studied.

NMDA and P2X7 Receptors Require Pannexin 1 Activation to Initiate and Maintain Nociceptive Signaling in the Spinal Cord of Neuropathic Rats.

Pannexin 1 (Panx1) is involved in the spinal central sensitization process in rats with neuropathic pain, but its interaction with well-known, pain-related, ligand-dependent receptors, such as NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and P2X7 purinoceptors (P2X7R), remains largely unexplored. Here, we studied whether NMDAR- and P2X7R-dependent nociceptive signaling in neuropathic rats require the activation of Panx1 channels to generate spinal central sensitization, as assessed by behavioral (mechanical hyperalgesia) and electrophysiological (C-reflex wind-up potentiation) indexes. Administration of either a selective NMDAR agonist i.

Distribution of PAHs and trace elements in Spartina densiflora and associated sediments from low to highly contaminated South American estuarine saltmarshes.

Estuarine saltmarshes from South America are exposed to several anthropogenic impacts due to diverse human activities that occur in both Atlantic/Pacific coastal environments. Primarily, chemical and petrochemical industries negatively impact saltmarshes generating inputs/deposition of non-essential trace elements (NTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments. The native cordgrass Spartina densiflora inhabits a wide range of environments, from non-impacted to highly impacted areas.