Comparing alpha-synuclein-interactomes between multiple systems atrophy and Parkinson's disease reveals unique and shared pathological features.

Introduction: Primary synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), are neurodegenerative disorders with some shared clinical and pathological features. Aggregates of alpha-synuclein (αsyn) phosphorylated at serine 129 (PSER129) are the hallmark of synucleinopathies, which for PD/DLB are found predominantly in neurons (Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions "NCIs"), but for MSA, aggregates are primarily found in oligodendroglia (Glial cytoplasmic inclusions "GCIs"). It remains unclear if the distinct pathological presentation of PD/DLB and MSA are manifestations of distinct or shared pathological processes.

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall: An Alluring Drug Target for Developing Newer Anti-TB Drugs-A Perspective.

The Mycobacterium cell wall is a capsule-like structure comprising of various layers of biomolecules such as mycolic acid, peptidoglycans, and arabinogalactans, which provide the Mycobacteria a sort of cellular shield. Drugs like isoniazid, ethambutol, cycloserine, delamanid, and pretomanid inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting one or the other enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis. Many enzymes present across these layers serve as potential targets for the design and development of newer anti-TB drugs.

Surgical Management of Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations (CPAM) in an Infant and a Toddler: Case Report Depicting Two Distinct Surgical Techniques With Successful Outcomes.

Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) compose the major part of congenital lung malformations (CLM) and have traditionally been treated by pulmonary lobectomy. In terms of surgical strategy, lobectomy has conventionally been the preferred treatment for CPAM localized to a single lobe. More recently, alternative approaches including lung-sparing resections (LSR), such as wedge or non-anatomic resections and segmentectomy, have been suggested.

Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular dynamics of some novel 3-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-]pyrimidine-2,7(1,4)-dione based compounds as anti-tubercular agents.

Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose-2'-epimerase (DprE1) is a druggable target which is being exploited for the development of new anti-TB agents. In the present work, we report developing a pharmacophore model and performing virtual screening of Asinex database using the developed pharmacophore model to get eight hits as potential DprE1 inhibitors. The hits were used as leads to design new 3-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-]pyrimidine-2,7(1,4)-dione based potential anti-TB agents.

Ultrasound Biomicroscopy for Zonular Evaluation in Eyes with Ocular Trauma.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in detecting zonular abnormalities in eyes with ocular trauma.

Patients And Methods: Prospective study of 143 eyes of 143 patients with ocular trauma and having opaque media was evaluated using a UBM. The presence or absence of zonular damage (zonular tears and/or zonular stretching) was examined and the clock-hour involvement was noted.

Recent developments and strategies for the discovery of TACE inhibitors.

Introduction: TNF-α plays a central role in certain autoimmune diseases as well as in inflammation. The current strategy for excluding TNF-α from circulation is to selectively inhibit TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE), an enzyme that cleaves mTNF-α to active TNF-α. Various TACE inhibitors have been discovered by using different strategies to control inflammatory diseases, cancer, and cardiac hypertrophy.

Molecular Docking, In-Silico ADMET Study and Development of 1,6- Dihydropyrimidine Derivative as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitor: An Approach to Design and Develop Antidiabetic Agents.

Background: 1,6-Dihydropyrimidine exerts notable pharmacological efficiency and emerged as integral backbones for treatment of type-II diabetes mellitus. To optimize the in vitro and In-silico study we carried out on substituted 1,6-Dihydropyrimidine. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the binding interaction of 1,6-Dihydropyrimidine compounds with Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP1B) enzyme and also check ADME/T properties of best scored compounds.

Therapeutic effect of 0.1% Tacrolimus Eye Ointment in Allergic Ocular Diseases.

Introduction: Allergic Ocular Diseases (AODs) like Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) and Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) are chronic forms of ocular allergy that can cause severe visual complications. Pathogenesis of AODs is uncertain and treatment has been a challenge for ophthalmologists. Tacrolimus, a 23-member cyclic macrolide lactone derived from [streptomyces tsukubaensis] now in ointment form has been successfully used in AODs.

Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Presenting as Bilateral Retinal Haemorrhages with Multiple Retinal Infiltrates.

Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) causes retinopathy manifesting as venous dilation and tortuosity, perivascular sheathing, retinal haemorrhages, microaneurysms, cotton-wool spots and optic nerve infiltration. Retina is the most commonly involved intraocular structure in CML. However, retinal involvement is a rare form of presentation of CML and few cases have been reported.

A Rare Presentation of Two Cases of Metallic Intrascleral Foreign Body Entry through Upper Eyelid.

Ocular injury secondary to foreign body remains an important cause of ocular morbidity with or without blindness in working population. Intraocular foreign body may have varied clinical presentation. Initially it may look an apparently normal eye followed by obvious ocular symptoms depending upon its location and degree of inflammation.

An Unusual Traumatic Lamellar Laceration of Cornea.

Lamellar laceration of the cornea may occur following ocular trauma. The management of lamellar laceration will depend on whether the lacerated corneal flaps are displaced or undisplaced. We hereby report an unusual case of large traumatic lamellar corneal laceration in right eye in a 14-year-old girl presenting with diminution of vision.

Correlation between membrane potential changes and proliferation of murine peritoneal lymphocytes stimulated by Nocardia water soluble mitogen.

A comparative study of Nocardia water soluble mitogen (NWSM) action on membrane potential and proliferation rate of murine peritoneal lymphocytes was performed at various incubation times. The membrane surface charge was evaluated by laser doppler velocimetry (LDV) through the measurement of the cell electrophoretic mobility at different pH values (from pH 5 to 9). We demonstrated that NWSM treatment decreases the lymphocyte membrane potential.

The gut as a lymphoepithelial organ: the role of intestinal epithelial cells in mucosal immunity.

Mucosal surfaces covered by a layer of epithelial cells represent the largest and most critical interface between the organism and its environment. The barrier function of mucosal surfaces is performed by the epithelial layer and immune cells present in the mucosal compartment. As recently found, epithelial cells, apart from their participation in absorptive, digestive and secretory processes perform more than a passive barrier function and are directly involved in immune processes.

Development of immune responses in early pig ontogeny.

Low amounts of immunoglobulins, produced without any known cause of stimulation, can be detected in sera and cells of fetal and colostrum deprived newborn pigs. These immunoglobulins are believed to represent the preimmune antibody repertoire on the basis of their polyspecificity and reactivity against self antigens. In vitro activation of liver and spleen cells with various polyclonal B cell activators (PBA) results in pronounced immunoglobulins synthesis as measured in the culture media by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Changes in distribution of lectin receptors in macrophages activated by Nocardia water soluble molecules.

Lectin-histochemical studies were performed on macrophages activated by Nocardia opaca water soluble molecules (NWSM) and elicited by phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as control to demonstrate the pattern of carbohydrate residues. Ten different biotinylated lectins were used as probes and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) was used as visualizer. The lectins wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-I (GS-I) stained macrophages only after activation by NWSM and not macrophages elicited by PBS.

Effect of silica on the spontaneous cytotoxicity of axial organ cells from Asterias rubens.

Axial organ cells (A.O.) which are composed of phagocytes and lymphocytes from the sea star Asterias rubens exert a spontaneous cytotoxicity against mouse tumour cells.

Immunomodulatory activities of Nocardia opaca.

Nocardia lysozyme digest (NLD), a particulate fraction from Nocardia opaca, is able to induce antitumor activity to SaL-1 tumor cells (lung sarcoma) in Balb/c mice. In mice immunized with NLD inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival of tumor bearing animals was observed. Macrophages isolated from peritoneal cavity and stimulated with NLD release a few arachidonic acid metabolites, mostly PGE 2.

Autoimmunity: from physiology to pathology. Natural antibodies, mucosal immunity and development of B cell repertoire.

Presence of spontaneously produced immunoglobulins bearing a broad spectrum of "natural" antibody specificities (including autoantibodies) in sera and other body fluids results mainly from inapparent immunization and polyclonal B cell activation by microflora and food antigens occurring mostly on mucosal surfaces. Early postnatal ontogeny in external environment is characterized by rapid growth and functional maturation of secondary lymphatic tissues as a consequence of this "natural" mucosal immunization. Under normal circumstances a state of "oral" tolerance to intestinal antigens is actively established after this period.