Diabetes Risk Factors and Bone Microarchitecture as Assessed by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Adults With Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: To determine whether type 1 diabetes and its complications are associated with bone geometry and microarchitecture.

Research Design And Methods: This cross-sectional study was embedded in a long-term observational study. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) scans of the distal radius and distal and diaphyseal tibia were performed in a subset of 183 participants with type 1 diabetes from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study and 94 control participants without diabetes.

Risk factors for lower bone mineral density in older adults with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk, but little is known regarding the effects of diabetes-related factors on BMD. We assessed whether these factors are associated with lower hip BMD among older adults with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was embedded in a long-term observational study, the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study (EDIC), a cohort of participants with type 1 diabetes, who were originally enrolled in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), and were followed-up for more than 30 years at 27 sites in the USA and Canada.

Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Context: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by high fracture risk, yet little is known regarding diabetes-related mechanisms or risk factors.

Objective: Determine whether glycemic control, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and microvascular complications are associated with bone turnover markers among older T1D adults.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Risk Factors for Longitudinal Resting Heart Rate and Its Associations With Cardiovascular Outcomes in the DCCT/EDIC Study.

Objective: Individuals with diabetes have higher resting heart rate compared with those without, which may be predictive of long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Using data from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study, we evaluated whether the beneficial effect of intensive versus conventional diabetes therapy on heart rate persisted, the factors mediating the differences in heart rate between treatment groups, and the effects of heart rate on future CVD risk.

Research Design And Methods: Longitudinal changes in heart rate, from annual electrocardiograms over 22 years of EDIC follow-up, were evaluated in 1,402 participants with type 1 diabetes.

RISK FACTORS FOR HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN TYPE 1 DIABETES.

Studies have demonstrated that glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a significant predictor of hearing impairment in type 1 diabetes. We identified additional factors associated with hearing impairment in participants with type 1 diabetes from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and its observational follow-up, the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study. A total of 1,150 DCCT/EDIC participants were recruited for the Hearing Study.

Hearing Impairment and Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Cohort.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of hearing impairment in participants with type 1 diabetes enrolled in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study and compare with that of a spousal control group without diabetes. Among participants with type 1 diabetes, to evaluate the association of hearing impairment with prior DCCT therapy and overall glycemia.

Research Design And Methods: DCCT/EDIC participants ( = 1,150) and 288 spouses without diabetes were recruited for the DCCT/EDIC Hearing Study.

Ovarian markers and irregular menses among women with type 1 diabetes in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study.

Objective: Women with type 1 diabetes have increased risk of infertility compared to women without diabetes even after adjustment for irregular menses, but aetiologies are incompletely understood. Our aim was to examine the prevalence of abnormalities in ovarian markers consistent with polycystic ovary syndrome in women with type 1 diabetes and associations with irregular menses and diabetes-specific variables.

Design, Patients And Measurements: We conducted a secondary analysis of women in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC), a randomized trial and observational follow-up of intensive insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes.

Liraglutide promotes natriuresis but does not increase circulating levels of atrial natriuretic peptide in hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists induce natriuresis and reduce blood pressure (BP) through incompletely understood mechanisms. We examined the effects of acute and 21-day administration of liraglutide on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), urinary sodium excretion, office and 24-h BP, and heart rate (HR).

Research Design And Methods: Liraglutide or placebo was administered for 3 weeks to hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes in a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial in the ambulatory setting.

Musculoskeletal complications in type 1 diabetes.

Objective: The development of periarticular thickening of skin on the hands and limited joint mobility (cheiroarthropathy) is associated with diabetes and can lead to significant disability. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of cheiroarthropathy in the well-characterized Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) cohort and examine associated risk factors, microvascular complications, and the effect of former DCCT therapy (intensive [INT] vs. conventional [CONV]) on its development.

Clinical and technical factors associated with skin intrinsic fluorescence in subjects with type 1 diabetes from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study.

Background: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications(EDIC) studies have established multiyear mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as predictive of microvascular complications in persons with type 1 diabetes. However, multiyear mean HbA1c is not always available in the clinical setting. Skin advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are thought to partially reflect effects of hyperglycemia over time, and measurement of skin AGEs might be a surrogate for multiyear mean HbA1c.

The association of skin intrinsic fluorescence with type 1 diabetes complications in the DCCT/EDIC study.

Objective: To determine whether skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF) is associated with long-term complications of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and, if so, whether it is independent of chronic glycemic exposure and previous intensive therapy.

Research Design And Methods: We studied 1,185 (92%) of 1,289 active Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) participants from 2010 to 2011. SIF was determined using a fluorescence spectrometer and related cross-sectionally to recently determined measures of retinopathy (stereo fundus photography), cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN; R-R interval), confirmed clinical neuropathy, nephropathy (albumin excretion rate [AER]), and coronary artery calcification (CAC).

Evolution of the study coordinator role: the 28-year experience in Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC).

Background: The role of the study coordinator (SC) in multicenter studies of long duration has received limited attention.

Purpose: To describe the evolution of the SC's role during the 28-year Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and its follow-up study, the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study.

Methods: The evolution of the SC's position from the traditional role of protocol implementation to that of research collaborator and co-investigator, based on personal experience and observation, is described in detail.

Role of the embryology laboratory in the human embryonic stem cell line derivation process.

With the introduction of regenerative medicine and cell therapy programmes by means of human embryonic stem cells (hESC), several research centres have begun projects of derivation of hESC lines. In some stem cell banks, such as the Andalusian Stem Cell Bank, the law also permits the creation of these cell lines. Therefore, the recovery of cryopreserved embryos, their culture and the subsequent derivation to hESC lines requires a suitable embryology laboratory and specialized and highly qualified staff.

Effect of mitomycin-C on human foreskin fibroblasts used as feeders in human embryonic stem cells: immunocytochemistry MIB1 score and DNA ploidy and apoptosis evaluated by flow cytometry.

Mitomycin C (MMC) treatment has been used to arrest cell proliferation but not much is known about the effect of MMC on human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) used as feeders for human embryonic stem cells (hESC). We tested the ability of MMC to stop the proliferation of HFF and to induce apoptosis. MMC inhibited the proliferation of HFF at 10 microg/ml over 2.

Embryonic stem cell bank: a work proposal.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have an unlimited capacity to proliferate by a self-renewal process and can be differentiated in the three germ layers, opening doors to new clinical therapies to replace missing or damaged cells. The number of research groups and projects using human stem cells has increased largely in the last 5 yr. The creation of stem cell banks is another important step to support the advance of research in this field.

Microbiological control in stem cell banks: approaches to standardisation.

The transplant of cells of human origin is an increasingly complex sector of medicine which entails great opportunities for the treatment of a range of diseases. Stem cell banks should assure the quality, traceability and safety of cultures for transplantation and must implement an effective programme to prevent contamination of the final product. In donors, the presence of infectious micro-organisms, like human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human T cell lymphotrophic virus, should be evaluated in addition to the possibility of other new infectious agents (e.

Zinc binding and dimerization of Streptococcus pyogenes pyrogenic exotoxin C are not essential for T-cell stimulation.

Streptococcal pyrogenic enterotoxin C (Spe-C) is a superantigen virulence factor produced by Streptococcus pyogenes that activates T-cells polyclonally. The biologically active form of Spe-C is thought to be a homodimer containing an essential zinc coordination site on each subunit, consisting of the residues His(167), His(201), and Asp(203). Crystallographic data suggested that receptor specificity is dependent on contacts between the zinc coordination site of Spe-C and the beta-chain of the major histocompatibility complex type II (MHCII) molecule.

Intensive insulin therapy with insulin lispro: a randomized trial of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily insulin injection.

Objective: To evaluate glycemic control, hypoglycemic events, and quality of life in patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple daily insulin injection (MDI), with insulin lispro as the principal insulin.

Research Design And Methods: This clinical trial enrolled 27 patients with type 1 diabetes. They were randomly assigned to CSII (n = 13) or MDI (n = 14) treatment regimens.

Counterregulatory hormone responses after long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with lispro insulin.

Objective: To determine whether the long-term use of insulin lispro (LP) affects the counterregulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia.

Research Design And Methods: Ten patients (age range 26-51 years; ratio of men to women 9:1; BMI 24.9 +/- 0.

The prevalence of NIDDM and associated risk factors in native Canadians.

Objective: To determine the true prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), NIDDM, and associated risk factors by age and sex in an isolated native community.

Research Design And Methods: A community-wide prevalence survey using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was undertaken in the remote native reserve of Sandy Lake, Ontario, Canada. Measurements for obesity included waist-to-hip circumference, BMI, and percentage body fat.

Body image concepts differ by age and sex in an Ojibway-Cree community in Canada.

Community-based studies of body image concepts can be useful for developing health interventions to prevent obesity-related diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease in specific populations. First Nations peoples, in particular, face increased obesity-related health problems as a result of acculturative changes in diet and activity. This study examined body shape perception in an Ojibway-Cree community in Northern Ontario, Canada.

Use of ethnographic methods for applied research on diabetes among the Ojibway-Cree in northern Ontario.

This article presents the results of applied ethnographic research aimed at developing a community-based diabetes prevention program in an isolated Ojibway-Cree community in northern Ontario. Using qualitative techniques, the authors describe diabetes in its sociocultural context and underlying belief systems that affect related activity and dietary behaviors. Local concepts of food and illness are dichotomized into "Indian" and "white man's" groupings, with Indian foods perceived as healthy and white man's foods felt to be unhealthy.

The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to estimate body composition in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT).

Although weight gain often accompanies intensive treatment regimens designed to achieve near-normal glycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), body composition (BC) has not been well studied. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a safe, rapid, and non-invasive method of assessing BC but has not been utilized widely in IDDM. Data from 46 adults with IDDM were used to develop a regression model estimating fat-free body mass (FFM) from bioimpedance measurements obtained using a proximal electrode placement.