Effects of a Digital Intervention to Improve DASH and Blood Pressure Among US Adults.

Background: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is a recommended first-line treatment for adults with hypertension, yet adherence to DASH is low.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a digital health intervention (DHI), compared with attention control, on changes in DASH adherence and blood pressure among adults with hypertension.

Methods: Nourish was a 12-month, parallel, 2-arm, randomized controlled trial of a virtually delivered DHI.

Auditory brainstem responses as a biomarker for cognition.

A non-invasive, accessible and effective biomarker is critical to the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of age-related cognitive decline. Recent work has suggested a strong association between auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and cognitive function in aging macaques. Here we show in 118 human participants (66 females; age range=18-92 years; hearing loss = -5 to 70 dB HL) that cognition is associated with both age and hearing level, but this triad relationship is mainly driven by the age factor.

Microbiome selection and evolution within wild and domesticated plants.

Microbes are ubiquitously found across plant surfaces and even within their cells, forming the plant microbiome. Many of these microbes contribute to the functioning of the host and consequently affect its fitness. Therefore, in many contexts, including microbiome effects enables a better understanding of the phenotype of the plant rather than considering the genome alone.

Prophylactic Permanent Pacemaker Implantation for Baseline Right Bundle Branch Block in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Clinical Efficacy, Safety, and Long-Term Pacing Requirement.

Background: Baseline right bundle branch block (RBBB) is an established predictor of permanent pacemaker (PPM) requirement after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). There are limited data to support prophylactic PPM implantation in advance of TAVR. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic PPM implantation in patients with RBBB prior to TAVR, and to identify the predictors of pacing dependence after TAVR.

Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting diet, physical activity, obesity, tobacco or alcohol use.

Background: A range of school-based interventions are effective in improving student diet and physical activity (e.g. school food policy interventions and classroom physical activity interventions), and reducing obesity, tobacco use and/or alcohol use (e.

Discovery and engineering of the antibody response to a prominent skin commensal.

The ubiquitous skin colonist Staphylococcus epidermidis elicits a CD8 T cell response pre-emptively, in the absence of an infection. However, the scope and purpose of this anti-commensal immune program are not well defined, limiting our ability to harness it therapeutically. Here, we show that this colonist also induces a potent, durable, and specific antibody response that is conserved in humans and non-human primates.

Bacterial microcompartment utilization in the human commensal Nissle 1917.

Unlabelled: Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are self-assembled protein structures often utilized by bacteria as a modular metabolic unit, enabling the catalysis and utilization of less common carbon and nitrogen sources within a self-contained compartment. The BMC has been widely demonstrated in enteropathogens, such as , and current research is exploring its activity in the commensal species that populate the human gut. Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a strong colonizer and probiotic in gut microbial communities and has been used extensively for microbiome engineering.

Novel CCL3-HMGB1 signaling axis regulating osteocyte RANKL expression in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell proliferative malignancy characterized by a debilitating bone disease. Osteolytic destruction, a hallmark of MM, is driven by increased osteoclast number and exacerbated bone resorption, primarily fueled by the excessive production of RANKL, the master regulator of osteoclast formation, within the tumor niche. We previously reported that osteocytes, the most abundant cells in the bone niche, promote tumor progression and support MM bone disease by overproducing RANKL.

Individual Differences in the Impact of Distracting Environmental Sounds on the Performance of a Continuous Visual Task in Older Adults.

Vulnerability to sound distraction is commonly reported in older adults with dementia and tends to be associated with adverse impacts on daily activity. However, study outcome heterogeneity is increasingly evident, with preserved resistance to distraction also evident. Contributory factors may include individual differences in distractibility in older adulthood per se, and failure to consider the influence of how difficult a person found the test.

Mapping of the Glucose Metabolism Heterogeneity in Atherosclerosis: Correlation With 2-Deoxyglucose Uptake.

Objective: 2-Deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) is widely used for noninvasive imaging of atherosclerosis. However, knowledge about metabolic processes underlying [F]FDG uptake is mostly derived from cell culture studies, which cannot recapitulate the complexities of the plaque microenvironment. Here, we sought to address this gap by mapping of the activity of selected major dehydrogenases involved in glucose metabolism in atherosclerotic plaques.

Conflict during learning reconfigures the neural representation of positive valence and approach behavior.

Punishing and rewarding experiences can change the valence of sensory stimuli and guide animal behavior in opposite directions, resulting in avoidance or approach. Often, however, a stimulus is encountered with both positive and negative experiences. How is such conflicting information represented in the brain and resolved into a behavioral decision? We address this question by dissecting a circuit for sexual conditioning in C.

Improving screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment for unhealthy alcohol use in diverse, low-resourced primary care clinics.

Background: Implementation of screening brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT) and medication-assisted treatment for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) remains low in primary care. ANTECEDENT (Partnerships to Enhance Alcohol Screening, Treatment, and Intervention) was a practice-facilitator led implementation study to increase SBIRT and MAUD use in diverse primary care clinics.

Methods: From November 2019 - April 2023, we conducted a convergent parallel mixed methods evaluation.

Bexotegrast in people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): a plain language summary of publication of the INTEGRIS-IPF study.

This plain language summary shares results from a clinical study called INTEGRIS-IPF that was published in the in 2024. This study looked at a medicine called (beck-so-teh-grast) as a possible treatment for (i-dee-uh-pa-thick pul-muh-ner-ee fie-bro-sis; IPF). is an investigational medicine, which means that it is being studied and has not yet been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for people with IPF to take as a treatment.

Enabling Demonstrated Consent for Biobanking with Blockchain and Generative AI.

Participation in research is supposed to be voluntary and informed. Yet it is difficult to ensure people are adequately informed about the potential uses of their biological materials when they donate samples for future research. We propose a novel consent framework which we call "demonstrated consent" that leverages blockchain technology and generative AI to address this problem.

Bexotegrast Shows Dose-dependent Integrin αβ Receptor Occupancy in Lungs of Participants with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Phase 2, Open-Label Clinical Trial.

: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by dyspnea and loss of lung function. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) activation mediated by α integrins is central to the pathogenesis of IPF. Bexotegrast (PLN 74809) is an oral, once-daily, dual-selective inhibitor of αβ and αβ integrins under investigation for the treatment of IPF.

The Effect of a Flipped Classroom Didactic Curriculum on Orthopaedic In-Training Examination Scores for a Resident Cohort.

Introduction: There is little research on the efficacy of flipped classroom (FC) models of learning in formal orthopaedic didactic curricula. The primary aim of this study was to compare resident Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) scores before and after implementation of an FC curriculum at a single academic institution.

Methods: An FC didactic model consisting of 3 hour-long weekly sessions focusing on highly tested topics was implemented for the start of the 2021 to 2022 academic year.

Learning health systems to implement chronic disease prevention programs: A novel framework and perspectives from an Australian health service.

Background: Chronic diseases are a considerable burden to health systems, communities, and patients. Much of this burden, however, could be prevented if interventions effective in reducing chronic disease risks were routinely implemented.

Aims: The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of public health agencies in preventing chronic disease through the application of learning health system (LHS) approaches to improve the implementation of evidence-based interventions.

Co-created improvement goals and strategies for implementing SBIRT and MAUD in primary care settings in a facilitator-supported, tailored implementation study.

Evidence-based approaches to screening and treatment for unhealthy alcohol use have the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality but are currently underutilized in primary care settings. To support implementation of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) and medication-assisted treatment for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) by identifying goals co-developed by clinics and practice facilitators in a flexible implementation study. In a pragmatic implementation study, we used practice facilitation to support the implementation of SBIRT and MAUD in 48 clinical practices across Oregon, Washington, and Idaho.

Beyond the Spectrum: Subtype-Specific Molecular Insights into Autism Spectrum Disorder Via Multimodal Data Integration.

Some toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have mild social symptoms and developmental improvement in skills, but for others, symptoms and abilities are moderately or even severely affected. Those with profound autism have the most severe social, language, and cognitive symptoms and are at the greatest risk of having a poor developmental outcome. The little that is known about the underlying biology of this important profound autism subtype, points clearly to embryonic dysregulation of proliferation, differentiation and neurogenesis.

Association Between Neuromuscular Blocking Agents and Outcomes of Emergency Tracheal Intubation: A Secondary Analysis of Randomized Trials.

Study Objective: To examine the association between the neuromuscular blocking agent received (succinylcholine versus rocuronium) and the incidences of successful intubation on the first attempt and severe complications during tracheal intubation of critically ill adults in an emergency department (ED) or ICU.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data from 2 multicenter randomized trials in critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation in an ED or ICU. Using a generalized linear mixed-effects model with prespecified baseline covariates, we examined the association between the neuromuscular blocking agent received (succinylcholine versus rocuronium) and the incidences of successful intubation on the first attempt (primary outcome) and severe complications during tracheal intubation (secondary outcome).