Using a community-engaged research process to plan, implement, and evaluate a cancer education program to improve knowledge and screening intentions among African American men.

Objective: We assessed acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of a culturally appropriate, cancer education program to improve cancer knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and screening intentions for oropharynx, colon, and prostate cancers among African American men. We detailed the community-engaged research process used for African American men to design, implement, and evaluate the program.

Materials And Methods: We recruited 84 (61 in-person, 23 online) African American men over 2-months across 4 churches in Middle Tennessee in 2021.

The Bidirectional Engagement and Equity (BEE) Research Framework to Guide Community-Academic Partnerships: Developed From a Narrative Review and Diverse Stakeholder Perspectives.

Background: The engagement of community partners in equitable partnerships with academic teams is necessary to achieve health equity. However, there is no standardized approach to support bidirectional engagement among research stakeholders in the context of partnership equity at each phase of the research process.

Objective: We describe the development of a systematic framework along with competencies and tools promoting bidirectional engagement and equity within community-academic partnerships at each phase of the research process.

Impact on backpropagation of the spatial heterogeneity of sodium channel kinetics in the axon initial segment.

In a variety of neurons, action potentials (APs) initiate at the proximal axon, within a region called the axon initial segment (AIS), which has a high density of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) on its membrane. In pyramidal neurons, the proximal AIS has been reported to exhibit a higher proportion of NaVs with gating properties that are "right-shifted" to more depolarized voltages, compared to the distal AIS. Further, recent experiments have revealed that as neurons develop, the spatial distribution of NaV subtypes along the AIS can change substantially, suggesting that neurons tune their excitability by modifying said distribution.

Large-Scale Controlled Experiment Demonstrates Effectiveness of Methane Leak Detection and Repair Programs at Oil and Gas Facilities.

Most jurisdictions around the globe use leak detection and repair (LDAR) programs to find and fix methane leaks from oil and gas operations. In this work, we empirically evaluate the efficacy of LDAR programs using a large-scale, bottom-up, randomized controlled field experiment across ∼200 oil and gas sites in Red Deer, Canada. We find that tanks are the single largest source of emissions, contributing to nearly 60% of the total emissions.

Headache Management in the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit.

Purpose Of Review: Headache is a common symptom in the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit (NeuroICU). Our goal is to provide an overview of approaches to headache management for common neurocritical care conditions.

Recent Findings: Headache disorders afflict nearly half of patients admitted to the NICU.

Differential gene expression provides leads to environmentally regulated soybean seed protein content.

Soybean is an important global source of plant-based protein. A persistent trend has been observed over the past two decades that soybeans grown in western Canada have lower seed protein content than soybeans grown in eastern Canada. In this study, 10 soybean genotypes ranging in average seed protein content were grown in an eastern location (control) and three western locations (experimental) in Canada.

Major Publications in the Critical Care Pharmacotherapy Literature: 2022.

Objectives: A number of trials related to critical care pharmacotherapy were published in 2022. We aimed to summarize the most influential publications related to the pharmacotherapeutic care of critically ill patients in 2022.

Data Sources: PubMed/Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and the Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Pharmacotherapy Literature Update.

Temperature Control After Cardiac Arrest: A Narrative Review.

Cardiac arrest (CA) is a critical public health issue affecting more than half a million Americans annually. The main determinant of outcome post-CA is hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI), and temperature control is currently the only evidence-based, guideline-recommended intervention targeting secondary brain injury. Temperature control is a key component of a post-CA care bundle; however, conflicting evidence challenges its wide implementation across the vastly heterogeneous population of CA survivors.

Caring for two in the ICU: Pharmacotherapy in the critically ill pregnant patient.

Safe and thoughtful medication management of pregnant patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) level of care is key to optimizing outcomes for both mother and fetus. Pregnancy induces physiologic alterations that closely mirror the changes expected in a critically ill patient. These changes can be predictable depending on the gestational age and trimester and will directly impact the pharmacokinetic profile of medications commonly used in the ICU; examples include decreased gastric emptying, increased blood and plasma volume, increased glomerular filtration, and increased cardiac output.

A Multi-Year, Multi-Cultivar Approach to Differential Expression Analysis of High- and Low-Protein Soybean ().

Soybean ( (L.) Merr.) is among the most valuable crops based on its nutritious seed protein and oil.

Quantitative differentiation of benign and misfolded glaucoma-causing myocilin variants on the basis of protein thermal stability.

Accurate predictions of the pathogenicity of mutations associated with genetic diseases are key to the success of precision medicine. Inherited missense mutations in the myocilin (MYOC) gene, within its olfactomedin (OLF) domain, constitute the strongest genetic link to primary open-angle glaucoma via a toxic gain of function, and thus MYOC is an attractive precision-medicine target. However, not all mutations in MYOC cause glaucoma, and common variants are expected to be neutral polymorphisms.

Electrolyte considerations in targeted temperature management.

Purpose: Targeted temperature management (TTM), including normothermia and therapeutic hypothermia, is used primarily for comatose patients with return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest or following neurological injury. Despite the potential benefits of TTM, risks associated with physiological alterations, including electrolyte shifts, may require intervention.

Summary: This review describes the normal physiological balance of electrolytes and temperature-related alterations as well as the impact of derangements on patient outcomes, providing general recommendations for repletion and monitoring of key electrolytes, including potassium, phosphate, and magnesium.

Targeting the gut microbiome in the management of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Brain injury resulting from sepsis, or sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), occurs due to impaired end-organ perfusion, dysregulated inflammation affecting the central nervous system (CNS), blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, accumulation of toxic neuropeptides and impaired toxin clearance secondary to sepsis-induced hepatic and renal dysfunction. The gut microbiome becomes pathologically altered in sepsis, which likely contributes to the pathogenesis of SAE. Herein, we review the literature detailing dysregulation of microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in SAE and highlight potential therapeutic strategies to modulate the gut microbiome to mitigate sepsis-induced brain injury.

GmSWEET29 and Paralog GmSWEET34 Are Differentially Expressed between Soybeans Grown in Eastern and Western Canada.

Over the past two decades soybeans grown in western Canada have persistently had lower seed protein than those grown in eastern Canada. To understand the discrepancy in seed protein content between eastern- and western-grown soybeans, RNA-seq and differential expression analysis have been investigated. Ten soybean genotypes, ranging from low to high in seed protein content, were grown in four locations across eastern (Ottawa) and western (Morden, Brandon, and Saskatoon) Canada.

Meropenem Population Pharmacokinetics and Simulations in Plasma, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Tissue.

Meropenem is a broad spectrum carbapenem used for the treatment of cerebral infections. There is a need for data describing meropenem pharmacokinetics (PK) in the brain tissue to optimize therapy in these infections. Here, we present a meropenem PK model in the central nervous system and simulate dosing regimens.

Does Surgery for Concomitant Cruciate and Meniscus Injuries Increase or Decrease Subsequent Comorbidities at 2 Years?

Concomitant cruciate and meniscus injuries of the knee are generally associated with acute trauma and commonly treated with surgical intervention. Comorbidities (simultaneous presence of two or more medical conditions) may be acquired from changes in activity levels and lifestyle after an injury and/or treatment. This study aimed to compare differences in comorbidity proportions between surgical and nonsurgical approaches in Military Health System beneficiaries who had concurrent cruciate and meniscus injuries.

Economic Evaluation of a Pharmacist-Led 5-Day Therapeutic Hold of IV Levothyroxine at an Academic Medical Center.

Providers often admit patients with active outpatient prescriptions for levothyroxine. During an inpatient admission, providers may instruct critically ill patients to take nothing by mouth, or (NPO). Thus, they may prescribe the intravenous (IV) formulation of levothyroxine during this period.

Severe headache trajectory following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: the association with lower sodium levels.

Background: A clinical hallmark of aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) is headache. Little is known about post-aSAH headache factors which may point to underlying mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to characterize the severity and trajectory of headaches in relation to clinical features of patients with aSAH.

Timing of high-dose methotrexate CNS prophylaxis in DLBCL: a multicenter international analysis of 1384 patients.

Prophylactic high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is often used for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients at high risk of central nervous system (CNS) relapse, despite limited evidence demonstrating efficacy or the optimal delivery method. We conducted a retrospective, international analysis of 1384 patients receiving HD-MTX CNS prophylaxis either intercalated (i-HD-MTX) (n = 749) or at the end (n = 635) of R-CHOP/R-CHOP-like therapy (EOT). There were 78 CNS relapses (3-year rate 5.