Dacar Cas/Somali Red Aloe: a new species of (Asphodelaceae) from Somaliland.

A new species of Aloe (Asphodelaceae) is described from Somaliland. It differs from other species in forming large clumps and in having sap that is initially yellow but quickly turns bright red and then dark red or reddish-brown, paniculate red-flowered inflorescences and uniformly coloured leaves with red teeth. Its recognition raises the number of species known from the combined area of Somaliland and Somalia s.

Piptochaetium fuscum (Nees ex Steud.) Barkworth, Ciald., & Gandhi, a new combination replacing Piptochaetium setosum (Trin.) Arechav.

A new name, Piptochaetium fuscum, is provided for a taxon hitherto known as Piptochaetium setosum (Trin.) Arechav. Morphological, anatomical, and molecular studies that argue against including Piptochaetium in Stipa, and hence use of S.

The US Virtual Herbarium: working with individual herbaria to build a national resource.

The goal of the US Virtual Herbarium (USVH) project is to digitize (database, image, georeference) all specimens in all US herbaria, enabling them to be made available through a single portal. Herbaria house specimens of plants, fungi, and algae, so USVH will offer a rich portrait of biodiversity in the US and in the other countries represented in US herbaria. Equally importantly, working towards this goal will engage people with herbaria and the organisms they house, expanding their appreciation of both the power of biodiversity informatics and the demands that it places on data providers while developing improved communication among those working in and with herbaria.

Bioequivalence study of generic tablet formulations containing ethinylestradiol and chlormadinone acetate in healthy female volunteers.

The bioavailability and bioequivalence of two different film coated tablets containing ethinylestradiol (CAS 57-63-6) and chlormadinone acetate (CAS 302-22-7) (Bellissima as test and the respective preparation from the originator as reference) were investigated in 20 healthy female volunteers after oral single-dose administration. The study was performed according to a single-center, randomised, single-dose, 2-way cross-over design with a wash-out phase of 28 days. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic profiling were taken up to 168 h post-dose, and ethinylestradiol and chlormadinone acetate plasma concentrations were determined with a validated LC-MS/MS method.

Bioequivalence study with two different oral formulations of methocarbamol in healthy subjects. A mono-centre, comparative, randomized, open-label, single-dose, 2-way crossover study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of a new oral methocarbamol (CAS 532-03-6) formulation (DoloVisano Methocarbamol 750 mg Tabletten) to that of a registered reference product and to demonstrate the bioequivalence of the formulations with respect to rate and extent of methocarbamol exposure.

Method: This bioequivalence trial was based on an open-label, single-dose, randomized, two-treatment, two-period crossover design. In each period 32 male or female healthy white volunteers received 2 tablets (2 x 750 mg methocarbamol) of either the test (a) or the reference (b) product after an overnight fasting of at least 12 h.

Molecular insights into the taxonomy of Glyceria (Poaceae: Meliceae) in North America.

Eighteen Glyceria species grow in the United States and Canada, with 16 being native to the region. We used data from morphology and three chloroplast DNA intergenic regions to address taxonomic questions concerning Glyceria in North America, particularly the status of G. declinata, G.

Valuable research or short stories: what makes the difference?

Accurate communication of scientific research about biological entities is critically dependent on correct identification and naming of the entities involved. This is not a simple task, particularly in a group such as the Triticeae in which there are still many taxa whose limits are only poorly understood. Even if the names used are appropriate at the time a study is completed, subsequent research may lead to a change in the boundaries of some of the entities involved, and consequently in their nomenclature.

Bioavailability of a new effervescent tablet of diclofenac.

Objective: The bioavailability of a newly developed effervescent tablet containing 50 mg diclofenac Na (DIC-effervesc) was investigated and compared with an enteric-coated dragée (DIC-enteric).

Subjects And Method: 24 healthy, male and informed volunteers (mean body weight 78.8 kg, mean age 31.

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic characteristics of two monofluorophosphate preparations with calcium supplement.

Two studies on the rate and extent of bioavailability of fluoride from a single dose of oral preparations of sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2FPO3) combined with calcium supplement were conducted according to a cross-over design on 18 (Study 1) and 20 (Study 2) male healthy volunteers, respectively. Evaluated were: a) tablets containing 76 mg Na2FPO3 (Ref1); b) chewable tablets containing 76 mg Na2FPO3 and 1250 mg calcium carbonate (Test 1); c) effervescent tablets containing 76 mg Na2FPO and 3240 mg calcium lactogluconate/carbonate (Ref 2); d) effervescent tablets containing 76 mg Na2FPO3 and 1250 mg calcium carbonate (Test 2). In all preparations Na2FPO3 was equivalent to 10 mg elemental F.

[The effect of bile secretion on the pharmacokinetics of a theophylline sustained-release preparation].

Bile excretion changes the physiological milieu of the duodenum, possibly resulting in enhanced absorption of a drug due to increased solubilisation. This possible influence of bile salts following stimulation of gallbladder emptying by the release of cholecystokinin on the pharmacokinetics of a sustained release theophylline (CAS 58-55-9) preparation (Bronchoretard) was evaluated in this study. An open, randomised, 3-way crossover study in 12 healthy, non-smoking volunteers was selected to prove or reject this hypothesis.

[Absorption profile and absolute bioavailability of a theophylline sustained-release preparation].

In a single-dose crossover study with 16 healthy male nonsmoking volunteers the absorption profile and absolute bioavailability of the sustained release pellets contained in all dosage strengths of Bronchoretard (100, 200, 350, 500 mg anhydrous theophylline) were investigated. One capsule (500 mg theophylline) was given after an evening meal. The reference treatment consisted of an i.

[The effect of food on theophylline absorption].

The possible influence of the food and fat content of meals on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a 350 mg sustained release theophylline (CAS 58-55-9) preparation (Bronchoretard) was investigated after single dose oral administration to 18 volunteers in a randomised 3-way crossover design. The treatments investigating administration of the test preparation in a fasting state, after a standard meal and after a high-caloric fat evening meal, according to commonly applied rules, were shown to be equivalent with respect to the extent of bioavailability (AUC) and the observed maximal concentration (Cmax). Pharmacokinetic parameters describing sustained release characteristics were not changed to any relevant degree.

[The effect of pretreatment with ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics and gastrointestinal transit of a sustained-release theophylline preparation].

A scintigraphic and pharmacokinetic study of the behavior of Bronchoretard forte (theophylline, CAS 58-55-9) was carried out in 8 healthy male volunteers to evaluate the sensitivity of the preparation to changes in gastric pH. The volunteers were pretreated with ranitidine (CAS 66357-35-5) (150 mg b.i.

Effect of gallbladder contraction induced cholagogia on the pharmacokinetic profile of a sustained-release theophylline formulation.

Bile excretion might change the physiological milieu of the duodenum resulting in enhanced absorption of a drug due to increased solubilisation. This possible influence of bile salts following stimulation of gallbladder emptying via the release of cholecystokinin on the pharmacokinetics of a sustained-release theophylline (CAS 58-55-9) preparation (Bronchoretard) was evaluated in this study. An open, randomised 3-way cross-over study in 12 healthy, non-smoking volunteers was selected to prove or reject this hypothesis.

Pharmacokinetics of physostigmine in man following a single application of a transdermal system.

1. The pharmacokinetics of physostigmine were investigated in a three-way cross-over design in six healthy, male volunteers comparing a physostigmine transdermal system (PTS), an oral solution and an i.v.

Study on the influence of food on the absorption of theophylline from a controlled-release preparation.

The possible influence of food and fat content of meals on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a 350 mg sustained-release theophylline (CAS 58-55-9) preparation (Bronchoretard) was investigated after single-dose oral administration to 18 volunteers in a randomized 3-way cross-over design. The treatments investigating an administration of the test preparation in a fasting state, after a standard meal and after a high-caloric fat evening meal, according to the commonly applied rules, could be shown to be equivalent with respect to the amount of bioavailability (AUC) and the observed maximal concentrations (Cmax). Pharmacokinetic parameters describing sustained-release characteristics were not changed either to any relevant degree.

Effect of pretreatment with ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics and gastrointestinal transit of a sustained release theophylline preparation.

A scintigraphic and pharmacokinetic study of the behaviour of (Bronchoretard forte, CAS 58-55-9) was carried out in 8 healthy male volunteers to evaluate the sensitivity of the preparation to changes in gastric pH. Volunteers were pretreated with ranitidine (CAS 66357-35-5) (150 mg b.d.

[The biological availability of cefadroxil given simultaneously with N-acetylcysteine].

A preliminary study revealed that similarly to the antibiotics amoxillin, thiamphenicol, erythromycin and doxycycline, the oral cephalosporin cefadroxil (CAS 66592-87-8) can be administered simultaneously with the mucolytic n-acetylcysteine (CAS 616-91-1). In the present study 12 healthy male volunteers received in a randomised cross-over design a single oral dose of 1000 mg cefadroxil or a single oral dose of 1000 mg cefadroxil (Bidocef) plus 200 mg n-acetylcysteine. The two study days were separated by a wash-out period of one week.

[Absorption profile and absolute bioavailability of a theophylline--retard preparation].

Absorption Profile and Absolute Bioavailability of a Theophylline Retard Preparation. In a single-dose cross-over study with 16 healthy male nonsmoking volunteers the absorption profile and absolute bioavailability of the retard pellets contained in all dosage strengths of Bronchoretard (100, 200, 350, 500 mg anhydrous theophylline) were investigated. One capsule (500 mg theophylline) was given after an evening meal.

Suprofen sustained release kinetics in healthy male volunteers. 1st communication: a single dose open crossover bioavailability study of suprofen sustained release tablets versus capsules.

An open crossover study was performed in 12 healthy male volunteers to compare the bioavailability of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienyl-carbonyl)phenylacetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) 600 mg sustained release tablets versus the suprofen capsule (2 X 200 mg). The pharmacokinetic profiles in plasma and urine were determined by a HPLC assay. In the dose range studied, the two suprofen formulations were not associated with any clinically significant effects on the blood pressure, heart rate or ECG.

[Relative bioavailability of paracetamol from tablets and suppositories as well as of paracetamol and codeine in a combination tablet].

Eight healthy male volunteers took part in this study to determine the relative bioavailability of Treuphadol oblong tablets (500 mg paracetamol), Treuphadol Plus oblong tablets (500 mg paracetamol, 30 mg codeine phosphate) and Treuphadol suppositories (750 mg paracetamol) against commercial tablets (500 mg paracetamol). Plasma levels of paracetamol and codeine, plus saliva levels of paracetamol for the two paracetamol only formulations, were determined by HPLC and the pharmacokinetic parameters established. The AUC data for paracetamol showed that all four preparations were bioequivalent.

An early phase I study to determine the tolerance, safety and pharmacokinetics of idebenone following multiple oral doses.

Ten healthy male volunteers participated in this Phase I multiple dose study with CV-2619 (6-[10-hydroxydecyl]-2,3- dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, idebenone). Each volunteer received single oral doses of 100 mg CV-2619 on study days 1 and 35, and during days 2 to 34, 300 mg daily in three divided doses. Blood and urine samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis of CV-2619 and its two major metabolites.

[Comparative studies on biologic availability and pharmacokinetics of bromazepam in tablets].

Ten male volunteers participated in a randomized crossover trial to compare the bioavailability of bromazepam (7-bromo-1,3-dihydro-5-(2-pyridyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one) from two different preparations (Normoc, the test preparation, and a commercially available standard preparation). A single dose of 6 mg bromazepam was given. There was no difference in the USP XX rotating basket dissolution test between both preparations.