The Gut-Brain Axis in Opioid Use Disorder: Exploring the Bidirectional Influence of Opioids and the Gut Microbiome-A Comprehensive Review.

Opioid Use Disorder is a chronic condition characterized by compulsive opioid use despite negative consequences, resulting in severe health risks such as overdose and contraction of infectious diseases. High dropout rates in opioid agonist therapy highlight the need for more effective relapse prevention strategies. Animal and clinical studies indicate that opioids influence gut microbiota, which in turn plays a critical role in addiction development and alters behavioral responses to opioids.

Hepatic portal vein branching patterns according to different liver assessment methods and classifications of branching type.

Background: It is known that there are varying frequencies of hepatic portal vein branching patterns found in the literature. Studies use different methods and classifications to evaluate the anatomy of the portal vein, which limits accurate comparison between studies and the determination of true frequency of branching patterns in different populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the intrahepatic branching of the portal vein in corrosive samples using different methods - somatoscopic and computed tomography (CT) and compare with similar studies as well as compare the reclassified data according to the most popular classifications used in the literature.

Facial perception, self-esteem and psychosocial well-being in patients after nasal surgery due to trauma, cancer and aesthetic needs (cluster analysis of multiple interrelations).

Facial anthropometric measurements in relation to self-esteem and self-perception have become a very popular topic, not only in anthropological and psychological research, but also in plastic reconstructive surgery. To compare the interrelations between facial perception, self-esteem and psychosocial well-being in patients after nasal surgery due to trauma, cancer and aesthetic needs. In total, ninety patients after nasal surgery (due to trauma, cancer and aesthetic reasons), and thirty control persons underwent facial anthropometry and answered questions related to facial perception (FP), self-esteem (SE) and psychosocial well-being (PW).

Age- and sex-related growth patterns of the craniofacial complex in European children aged 3-6 years.

Background: Craniofacial growth changes in young children are not yet completely understood. Up-to-date references for craniofacial measurements are crucial for clinical assessment of orthodontic anomalies, craniofacial abnormalities and subsequent planning of interventions.

Aim: To provide normal reference data and to identify growth patterns for craniofacial dimensions of European boys and girls aged 3-6 years.

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To compare the relation between the changes in the body and breast size in pregnant and young nulliparous women. In 2008-2009, 82 young nulliparous nineteen-year-old women were examined in Šiauliai (Study I). Their body mass and breast size data were compared with the findings obtained from the examination of pregnant women during their first trimester in Vilnius from 2013 to 2015 (Study II).

Inappropriate habits of antibiotic use among medical specialists and students in Vilnius.

Introduction: The resistance to antibacterial drugs is an emerging worldwide problem. Numbers of inappropriate ways to use antibiotics contribute to this issue. Self-medication is one of them.

Symmetry of external auditive meatus. A pilot study on human skulls.

OBJECTIVES. To evaluate the perpendicularity of the line connecting external auditive meatus to the midsagital plane and the palatal suture as a midsagittal symmetry reference line. Setting and Sample Population - 62 randomly chosen human skulls from osteological collection (Vilnius University).

Haemorrhoids and anal fissures during pregnancy and after childbirth: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To identify the incidence and risk factors of haemorrhoids and fissures during pregnancy and after childbirth.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting: University hospital and outpatient clinics in Lithuania.

Metric and morphological assessment of facial features: a study on three European populations.

Identification from video surveillance systems is becoming more and more frequent in the forensic practice. In this field, different techniques have been improved such as height estimation and gait analysis. However, the most natural approach for identifying a person in everyday life is based on facial characteristics.

A meta-analysis of heart rate and QT interval alteration in anorexia nervosa.

Objective: Reports have suggested association between sudden death and QT prolongation in AN patients. Incidence and clinical consequences of cardiac abnormalities remain controversial. As the course of AN disease is long-lasting it remains unclear how often psychiatrists should send AN patients for somatic and especially cardiological investigation.

[Changes in anthropometric and metabolic parameters in pregnancy and neonatal physical development during last decades].

Objective: To evaluate changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters in pregnancy and their dynamics during last two decades and to determine the association between anthropometric and biochemical parameters, their influence on fetal and neonatal development.

Material And Methods: In 1985-2005, anthropometric (height, body mass, weight gain during pregnancy, pelvic measurements, skinfold thicknesses, passive body mass) and biochemical (cholesterol, triglyceride, protein, and iron levels) parameters, their correlation, changes in pregnancy were examined; also the correlations between these parameters and neonatal body mass indices were evaluated. In 1986-1987, 383 pregnant women were examined, in 1998--130, and in 2003-2005--133.