Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: revised 2014 standards of professional performance for registered dietitian nutritionists in management of food and nutrition systems.

Management in food and nutrition systems is presented with an ever-challenging tension between effective utilization of manpower resources, mechanical equipment, financial management, material production, and time constraints to produce optimal products. Management drives opportunities for personal development for multiple levels of its employee workforce. Given an increasing need to deliver high-quality food and services to satisfied customers, the Management in Food and Nutrition Systems Dietetic Practice Group, with guidance from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Management Committee, has developed the Revised 2014 Standards of Professional Performance, which replace the 2009 Standards, as a tool for registered dietitian nutritionists working in food and nutrition systems management within health care and non-health care organizations.

Patient handling methods taught in occupational therapy curricula.

Sixteen of 100 full-time occupational therapists are injured while performing manual patient handling techniques. We developed a Theory of Planned Behavior self-report questionnaire to determine what educators teach and the behavioral constructs that best predict intention to change curriculum content. Traditional manual patient handling and safe patient handling methods were investigated.

Einstein Contained Aerosol Pulmonizer (ECAP): Improved Biosafety for Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Aerosol Infection Studies.

A new apparatus enhances the biosafety of containment (biosafety level 3 [BSL-3]) and provides experimental reproducibility for aerosol infection experiments with MDR and XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The methods are generally applicable to the study of airborne pathogens.

Provider practices in prediabetes intervention and diabetes prevention: application of evidence-based research in the medical office setting.

A cross-sectional study was performed to determine if evidence-based research in prediabetes management is utilized in the medical office setting in an effort to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes, and to determine whether any particular demographic variables including body mass index (BMI) and provider type (physician and nonphysician) predict referrals for prediabetes management (P = .05). Electronic medical records (n = 82 317) were examined for International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and keywords disclosing a diagnosis of prediabetes.

Report of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's workshop on the performance of laboratory chemical hoods.

The Howard Hughes Medical Institute sponsored a workshop on laboratory chemical hoods on June 8, 9, and 10, 1998, that brought together 24 experts in the field of laboratory chemical hoods to critically assess the information known about hood performance. Workshop participants developed 31 consensus statements that reflect their collective views on the body of knowledge or lack thereof, for laboratory chemical hoods. The consensus statements fall into four broad categories: (1) hood selection, use, and operation; (2) hood and laboratory design issues; (3) ventilation system design issues; and (4) hood performance testing.

Infection of mice with aerosolized Mycobacterium tuberculosis: use of a nose-only apparatus for delivery of low doses of inocula and design of an ultrasafe facility.

Aerosolized delivery of virulent or hypervirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires careful consideration of methodology and safety. To maximize safety, we installed a nose-only aerosol apparatus that can reproducibly deliver a low dose (<100 CFU per mouse) of M. tuberculosis in a carefully designed biohazard facility.

Containment testing of laboratory hoods in the as-used condition.

Airborne contaminants generated inside laboratory fume hoods during use leak into the breathing zone of the user. Concentration of the leakage is unknown and variable depending on laboratory design, work practices, arrangement of internal apparatus, face velocity, and sash height. Surrogate tracer gas tests have been developed using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and a manikin to estimate leakage.

Trends in managed care organizations: implications for the physician executive.

The rapid change in the managed health care industry is placing substantial demands on the managerial and leadership skills of physician executives. These changes are forcing a reevaluation of the fundamental principles of managed care organizations, specifically in terms of patient satisfaction, cost containment, and quality health care. Additionally, the physician executive will be confronted with substantial issues concerning future staffing needs.

Howard Hughes Medical Institute dose assessment survey.

Biomedical science researchers often express frustration that health physics practices vary widely between individual institutions. A survey examining both internal and external dose assessment practices was devised and mailed to fifty institutions supporting biomedical science research. The results indicate that health physics dose assessment practices and policies are highly variable.

Consensus radiation protection practices for academic research institutions.

Under the auspices of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, a set of consensus guidelines for Radiation Protection Practices has been developed for biomedical research using radioactive materials. The purposes of the guidelines are (1) to promote good radiation protection practices consistent with the needs of biomedical research, the ALARA principle, and regulatory requirements; (2) to establish common goals and consistent practices within radiation safety programs; and (3) to build a meaningful partnership between radiation safety professionals and the biomedical research community. These practices are intended to enhance radiation protection and the efficiency of the research staff.

Changing priorities for improvement: the impact of low response rates in patient satisfaction.

Background: A disturbing trend in patient satisfaction research has been a willingness to accept low response rates as inevitable. However, it may not be appropriate to generalize data based on low responses to the full population of patients, since to do so may threaten the validity of the findings.

Method: Satisfaction data were collected from 19,556 inpatients discharged in 1994 from 76 hospitals using the 69-item NCG Patient Viewpoint Survey, an instrument that primarily uses a set of five response options, which are transformed to a 0- to 100-point scale.

Carcinogenicity of 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, dibenz[a,j]acridine and benzo[a]pyrene in mouse skin and liver following topical application.

N-Heterocyclic aromatics are by-products of incomplete combustion of organic material. The overall objective of this study was to determine the relative carcinogenic potencies of 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC) and dibenz[a,j]acridine (DBA) in a bioassay of complete carcinogenicity on mouse skin in a sensitive strain (Hsd:ICR(Br)) which has been used in metabolism and DNA binding studies of N-heterocyclic aromatics. No-treatment, acetone and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-treated animals were used as negative and positive control groups.

Factors affecting carcinogenic potential of mixtures.

Historically, exposure to complex mixtures such as soot, coal tar, mineral oils, and cigarette smoke has been associated with increased cancer mortality. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) has been used to predict the carcinogenic potency of mixtures. Two complete carcinogenicity C3H/HEJ mouse skin bioassays were undertaken to determine the effect of low doses of BaP on the carcinogenic potential of mixtures.

Comparative tumor-initiating ability of 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole and dibenz(a,j)acridine in mouse skin.

N-heterocyclic aromatics are environmentally important carcinogenic pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of organic material. 7H-Dibenzo-(c,g)carbazole (DBC), is a potent skin and systemic carcinogen, whereas dibenz(a,j)acridine (DBA), is a carcinogen with local effects. Therefore, the overall objective of these studies was to determine the initiating ability of DBC and DBA in mouse skin using an initiation-promotion protocol.

Risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection among laboratory workers.

In a prospective cohort study of 265 laboratory and affiliated workers, one individual with no recognized risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was HIV-1 seropositive at the time of entry into the study. Molecular analyses of two HIV-1 isolates derived in two independent laboratories from a blood sample from this worker showed that the isolates were indistinguishable from a genotypic form of HIV-1 present in the H9/HTLV-IIIB cell line. Exposure to this strain of virus most probably occurred during work with concentrated virus or culture fluids from virus-producing cell lines under standard Biosafety Level 3 containment.

Comparative carcinogenic potencies of 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, dibenz[a,j]acridine and benzo[a]pyrene in mouse skin.

The relative carcinogenic potencies of three combustion products of fossil fuels, 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (7H-DB[c,g]C), dibenz[a,j]acridine (DB[a,j]A) and benzo[a] pyrene (B[a]P) were compared using complete carcinogenicity C3H mouse skin bioassays. Both 7H-DB[c,g]C and B[a]P produced tumors in 48 of 50 mice with latency periods of 36.6 and 32.

Particle size reduction by breakage in biological wastewater treatment.

Floc breakup in biological wastewater treatment occurs in response to hydrodynamic stresses imposed by aeration, recirculation, and mixing. This size reduction is of particular concern because it leads to solids carry-over and adversely affects process controllability. A laboratory study of floc size reduction has shown how the hydrodynamic environment causes breakup and the extent to which it proceeds at particular levels of dissipation.

A carcinogenic bioassay of certain roofing materials.

The carcinogenic potentials of certain present day roofing materials and dust produced during the removal of an old coal tar pitch roof were evaluated using a mouse skin bioassay. Traditional coal tar pitch and dust from removal of an old roof were significantly more carcinogenic than coal derived roofing bitumen, but all were strongly carcinogenic. The benzo(a)pyrene concentration of these materials ranged from 0.

Cyanide toxicity from the thermal degradation of rigid polyurethane foam.

Thermal degradation products (tdp) from a model, rigid polyurethane foam were collected in such a manner as to eliminate carbon monoxide and other gases with low boiling points. The effects in rats resulting from intratracheal intubation (I.T.

Bioassay of complex mixtures derived from fossil fuels.

The conversion or processing of shale, coal, or petroleum involves elevated temperatures and altered pressures, and under these conditions polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are likely to form. Certain compounds of this type exhibit carcinogenic activity for a variety of organ sites in experimental animals and epidemiological evidence strongly implicates their role as carcinogens in man. It is then not unexpected that many liquid fractions derived from shale and coal are carcinogenic when subjected to bioassay.