Application and expansion of an algorithm predicting attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and impairment in a predominantly White sample.

Current assessment protocols for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) focus heavily on a set of highly overlapping symptoms, with well-validated factors like cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), executive function (EF), age, sex, and race and ethnicity generally being ignored. Using machine learning techniques, the current study aimed to validate recent findings proposing a subset of ADHD symptoms that, together, predict ADHD diagnosis, severity, and impairment level better than the full symptom list, while also testing whether the inclusion of the factors listed above could further increase accuracy. Parents of 1,922 children (50.

Fluorescent protein tags affect the condensation properties of a phase-separating viral protein.

Fluorescent protein (FP) tags are extensively used to visualize and characterize the properties of biomolecular condensates despite a lack of investigation into the effects of these tags on phase separation. Here, we characterized the dynamic properties of µNS, a viral protein hypothesized to undergo phase separation and the main component of mammalian orthoreovirus viral factories. Our interest in the sequence determinants and nucleation process of µNS phase separation led us to compare the size and density of condensates formed by FP::µNS to the untagged protein.

Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome.

Objective: The aim of this work was 2-fold: (1) to evaluate current knowledge and identify key directions in the study of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT); and (2) to arrive at a consensus change in terminology for the construct that reflects the current science and may be more acceptable to researchers, clinicians, caregivers, and patients.

Method: An international Work Group was convened that, in early 2021, compiled an online archive of all research studies on SCT and summarized the current state of knowledge, noted methodological issues, and highlighted future directions, and met virtually on 10 occasions in 2021 to discuss these topics and terminology.

Results: Major progress has been made over the last decade in advancing our understanding of SCT across the following domains of inquiry: construct measurement and stability; genetic, environmental, pathophysiologic, and neuropsychological correlates; comorbid conditions; functional impairments; and psychosocial and medication interventions.

Clarifying Relations Between ADHD and Functional Impairment in Adulthood: Utilization of Network and Machine Learning Approaches.

Using network analysis and random forest regression, this study identified attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms most important for indicating impairment in various functional domains. Participants comprised a nationally representative sample of 1249 adults in the United States. Bridge symptoms were identified as those demonstrating unique relations with impairment domains that, in total, were stronger than those involving other symptoms.

Review: Adult Outcome as Seen Through Controlled Prospective Follow-up Studies of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Followed Into Adulthood.

Objective: To describe adult outcome of people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in childhood and its several key predictors via a review of 7 North American controlled prospective follow-up studies: Montreal, New York, Milwaukee, Pittsburgh, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Berkeley, and 7-site Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (MTA).

Method: All studies were prospective and followed children with a diagnosis of ADHD and an age- and gender-matched control group at regular intervals from childhood (6-12 years of age) through adolescence into adulthood (20-40 years of age), evaluating symptom and syndrome persistence, functional outcomes, and predictors of these outcomes.

Results: The rates of ADHD syndrome persistence ranged from 5.

Field of daydreams? Integrating mind wandering in the study of sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD.

In this editorial perspective, we consider the potential conceptual and empirical overlap between the research on mind wandering, particularly in its pathological extreme, and that on sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) as it has diverged from research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The more advanced state of research findings on the nature and correlates of mind wandering relative to that of SCT is used to suggest a variety of avenues of investigation into SCT, such as its phenomenology, positive and negative correlates, research methods, theory building, and potential to inform interventions. These and other avenues drawn from the field of mind wandering are likely to prove fruitful in further revealing the nature of SCT and its relationship to mind wandering.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Many authors have contributed to the description of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for the two last centuries. In this chapter, we review the current diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, and history of ADHD. The different phenotypes (predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, or combined) and diagnostic process are detailed.

Engineering and combining oncolytic measles virus for cancer therapy.

Cancer immunotherapy using tumor-selective, oncolytic viruses is an emerging therapeutic option for solid and hematologic malignancies. A considerable variety of viruses ranging from small picornaviruses to large poxviruses are currently being investigated as potential candidates. In the early days of virotherapy, non-engineered wild-type or vaccine-strain viruses were employed.

Clarifying ADHD and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Item Relations with Impairment: A Network Analysis.

Despite the pervasive nature of various forms of impairment associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the precise nature of their associations with ADHD and related sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), particularly at the heterogeneous item level, remains ambiguous. Using innovative network analysis techniques, we sought to identify and examine the concurrent validity of ADHD and SCT bridge items (i.e.

Feasibility of low-cost accelerometers in measuring functional recovery after major oncologic surgery.

Background And Objectives: Low-cost consumer-based activity monitors (CAMs), such as the Fitbit, are popular for fitness and wellness tracking. Functional status is an excellent predictor of postoperative outcomes, yet objective measurements are resource-intensive. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of using activity monitors during the perioperative period in patients undergoing major oncologic surgery.

Overview of Lipid Mass Spectrometry and Lipidomics.

Mass spectrometry has played a critical role in the identification and quantitation of lipids present in biological extracts. Various strategies have emerged in order to carry out lipidomic studies. These include both shotgun approaches as well as those engaging liquid chromatographic separation of lipid species prior to mass spectrometric analysis.

ADHD risk genes involved in dopamine signaling and metabolism are associated with reduced estimated life expectancy at young adult follow-up in hyperactive and control children.

ADHD is associated with an elevated risk of mortality and reduced estimated life expectancy (ELE) by adulthood. Reduced life expectancy is substantially related to the trait of behavioral disinhibition; a correlate of both ADHD and of several dopamine genes related to dopamine signaling and metabolism. We therefore hypothesized that several ADHD risk genes related to dopamine might also be predictive of reduced ELE.

Hyperactive Child Syndrome and Estimated Life Expectancy at Young Adult Follow-Up: The Role of ADHD Persistence and Other Potential Predictors.

Objective: We examined if ADHD Combined Type or Presentation (ADHD-C) reduced estimated life expectancy (ELE) at young adulthood and if the persistence of ADHD to adulthood further adversely affected ELE.

Method: A young adult follow-up of 131 hyperactive and 71 control cases was used to derive 14 variables that were entered into a life expectancy calculator to generate ELE scores. Both ratings of executive function (EF) in everyday life and tests of EF and IQ were measured along with comorbid psychopathologies.

Time Reproduction Deficits at Young Adult Follow-Up in Childhood ADHD: The Role of Persistence of Disorder and Executive Functioning.

No studies have examined if time reproduction deficits exist in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by adulthood. We followed 131 ADHD and 71 community control (CC) cases for 20+ years to young adulthood at which time they were given a time reproduction task. The ADHD group made smaller time reproductions and showed greater variability of errors at the longer durations compared to CC cases, whether ADHD was still present or not at follow-up.

Enhanced Control of Oncolytic Measles Virus Using MicroRNA Target Sites.

Measles viruses derived from the live-attenuated Edmonton-B vaccine lineage are currently investigated as novel anti-cancer therapeutics. In this context, tumor specificity and oncolytic potency are key determinants of the therapeutic index. Here, we describe a systematic and comprehensive analysis of a recently developed post-entry targeting strategy based on the incorporation of microRNA target sites (miRTS) into the measles virus genome.

Exploration of a F(ab') Fragment as the Targeting Agent of α-Radiation Therapy: A Comparison of the Therapeutic Benefit of Intraperitoneal and Intravenous Administered Radioimmunotherapy.

Refinement of treatment regimens enlisting targeted α-radiation therapy (TAT) is an ongoing effort. Among the variables to consider are the target molecule, radionuclide, dosage, and administration route. The panitumumab F(ab') fragment targeting epidermal growth factor receptor tolerated modification with the TCMC chelate as well as radiolabeling with Pb or Pb.

Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility Reveals Structural Insight into Eicosanoid Product Ion Formation.

Ion mobility measurements of product ions were used to characterize the collisional cross section (CCS) of various complex lipid [M-H] ions using traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIMS). TWIMS analysis of various product ions derived after collisional activation of mono- and dihydroxy arachidonate metabolites was found to be more complex than the analysis of intact molecular ions and provided some insight into molecular mechanisms involved in product ion formation. The CCS observed for the molecular ion [M-H] and certain product ions were consistent with a folded ion structure, the latter predicted by the proposed mechanisms of product ion formation.

Altered eicosanoid production and phospholipid remodeling during cell culture.

The remodeling of PUFAs by the Lands cycle is responsible for the diversity of phospholipid molecular species found in cells. There have not been detailed studies of the alteration of phospholipid molecular species as a result of serum starvation or depletion of PUFAs that typically occurs during tissue culture. The time-dependent effect of cell culture on phospholipid molecular species in RAW 264.

Determination of Double Bond Positions in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Using the Photochemical Paternò-Büchi Reaction with Acetone and Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

The positions of double bonds along the carbon chain of methylene interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acids are unique identifiers of specific fatty acids derived from biochemical reactions that occur in cells. It is possible to obtain direct structural information as to these double bond positions using tandem mass spectrometry after collisional activation of the carboxylate anions of an acetone adduct at each of the double bond positions formed by the photochemical Paternò-Büchi reaction with acetone. This reaction can be carried out by exposing a small portion of an inline fused silica capillary to UV photons from a mercury vapor lamp as the sample is infused into the electrospray ion source of a mass spectrometer.

Comparative studies on the therapeutic benefit of targeted α-particle radiation therapy for the treatment of disseminated intraperitoneal disease.

Identification of the appropriate combination of radionuclide, target and targeting vehicle is critical for successful radioimmunotherapy. For the treatment of disseminated peritoneal diseases such as pancreatic or ovarian cancer, α-emitting radionuclides have been proposed for targeted radiation therapy. This laboratory has taken a systematic approach investigating targeted α-radiation therapy, allowing comparisons to now be made between At, Th, Bi and Pb.

Targeted α-Particle Radiation Therapy of HER1-Positive Disseminated Intraperitoneal Disease: An Investigation of the Human Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibody, Panitumumab.

Identifying molecular targets and an appropriate targeting vehicle, i.e., monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and their various forms, for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) remains an active area of research.