Foodborne disease outbreaks of chemical etiology in the United States, 1970-1974.

In the United States between 1970 and 1974 there was an increase each year both in the absolute number of foodborne diseases outbreaks of chemical etiology reported to the Center for Disease Control and in the proportion of these outbreaks in the total reported foodborne disease outbreaks. Nearly half (48.9%) of these foodborne disease outbreaks of chemical origin were caused by toxic fish or shellfish.

Type B botulism outbreak caused by a commercial food product. West Virginia and Pennsylvania, 1973.

In the week of May 7, 1973, seven persons contracted botulism after eating together. The most common symptoms were vomiting, constipation, dry mouth, dysphagia, and dysphonia. All were treated with trivalent botulinal antitoxin, and none died.

Evolution of lipoproteins deduced from protein sequence data.

1. Human serum apolipoprotein A-I contains a prominent 11-residue sequence periodicity. 2.

Steady-state bioavailability of two clorazepate dipotassium dosage forms.

A specially designed tablet dosage form of the benzodiazepine clorazepate dipotassium (Tranxene) was developed for once-a-day administration. The drug was administered at a dose of 22.5 mg as (1) the tablet, (2) three 7.

Effect of cardiac dysrhythmia on cerebral perfusion.

Extracranial carotid arterial obstructive disease has been the entity most commonly associated with transient cerebrovascular insufficiency. A nonobstructive, frequently overlooked cause of cerebral ischemia is cardiac dysrhythmia. We have explored this by observations of experimental animals and of man.

Left-handedness in twins: incidence and patterns of performance in an adolescent sample.

Data on handedness and cognitive performance in an adolescent sample of same-sex twins were collected, and questions about incidence of left-handedness in twins and the relation between handedness and cognitive performance were considered. Same-sex twins have been found to have a higher incidence of left-handedness than that usually reported in the general population. There is a high incidence of handedness discordance (one twin right-handed and his cotwin left-handed) in both monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs.

An ultrastructural evaluation of the effect of hydrocortisone on rabbit cartilage.

Pharmacologic and supra-pharmacologic doses of hydrocortisone acetate did not effect ultrastructural alteration of chondrocytes in articular cartilage of mature rabbits. Early biomechanical alterations are unaccompanied by ultrastructural cytological changes. Not until advanced biochemical alteration is effected by large, repetitive doses, does the ultrastructural alteration begin.

A comparison of the physical and intellectual development of black children with and without sickle-cell trait.

Sickle-cell trait, a condition present in 7% to 9% of the United States Black population, is usually considered to be a clinically benign condition. However, there is increasing evidence to indicate the contrary, that is, the clinical pathophysiology is variable, ranging from a benign condition in most cases to a relatively few cases of severe pathological involvement. Physical and intellectual growth measures were taken on 19 children with sickle-cell trait (12 boys and 7 girls) from a large study of Black same-sex twin pairs from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and compared to measures taken of a sample of normal Black children from 155 monozygotic and dizygotic same-sex twin pairs.

Ophthalmic arterial blood pressures measured by ocular plethysmodynamography.

The indirect measurement of ophthalmic arterial blood pressure is an important index in the understanding of cerebral vacsular hemodynamics. Ophthalmodynamometry (ODM), the prototype for such measurement, is, however, replete with difficulties that have limited its widespread use. A preliminary evaluation of a new technique for ODM identified as ocular plethysmodynamography, has yielded accurate opthalmic blood pressure data without the attendant problems.

Waterborne shigellosis at a public school.

In November 1972 an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness occurred at a public school in Stockport, Iowa. One hundred ninety-four (72%) of 269 pupils and 14 (16%) of 23 staff members were affected. The etiologic agent was a strain of Shigella sonnei resistant to multiple antimicrobials.

International outbreak of Salmonella Eastbourne infection traced to contaminated chocolate.

Between Dec. 4, 1973, and Feb. 15, 1974, 80 cases of infection due to Salmonella eastbourne, previously a rare isolated serotype in the United States, were reported from twenty-three States.

Simulated paraspinal tumor or abscess by rounded atelectasis of the lower lobe.

Lower lobe atelectasis may simulate paraspinal tumor or abscess when margins of the completely collapsed lobe become rounded laterally and the inferior edge separates from the diaphragm. We believe this unusual appearance relates to (1) influence of the pulmonary ligament and (2) total collapse of the lobe to its minimum possible volume. Three cases of different etiologies are herein presented.

Volunteer bias and personality traits in sexual standards research.

The effects of personality traits and volunteer bias in sexual standards research were studied. Two hundred and fifty-four subjects completed Jackson's Personality Research Form (PRF) and were subsequently sent either a sex or a control questionnaire. Return rates for the two groups were comparable.

Autogenous vein bypass grafts: biological effects of mechanical dilatation and adventitial stripping in dogs.

To evaluate whether mechanical vein dilatation and stripping of adventitia at the time of harvest may adversely alter the long-term fate of autogenous vein grafts, dogs were subjected to reversed femoral vein interposition grafting with either normal veins, mechanically dilated veins, or adventitially stripped veins. Vein segments taken before grafting and veins exposed in situ but not grafted served as controls. Animals were killed at 3 months, and five vein segments in each category were evaluated for gross and microscopic changes.

Perspectives on acute enteric disease epidemiology and control.

This paper reviews the major epidemiologic features of the acute enteric diseases and outlines a plan for their prevention and control in developing countries. Annual mortality from enteric diseases ranges from 10 per 1000,000 in highly developed countries to as much as 500 per 100,000 in developing countries. Most agents of enteric disease are spread by one of two routes: direct person-to-person contact or ingestion of contaminated vehicles (food or water).