Burden of vascular risk factors by age, sex, ethnicity and deprivation in young adults with and without newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Do associations between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and vascular risk factors vary by ethnicity and deprivation?

Methods: Utilising the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we matched 16-50-year-old individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to ∼10 individuals without using sex, age and primary care practice. Differences in BMI, obesity, LDL-cholesterol, HbA1c, and hypertension between individuals with vs without type 2 diabetes across sex, age, ethnicity and deprivation quintiles were explored using generalised linear models.

Results: We included 108,061 individuals (45.

Phenotype-Led Identification of IL-10 Upregulators in Human CD4 T-cells and Elucidation of Their Pharmacology as Highly Selective CDK8/CDK19 Inhibitors.

Therapeutics promoting the endogenous production of IL-10 have the potential to restore homeostasis in inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here we describe the identification of a series of IL-10 upregulators based on a pyrimidyl-piperidine scaffold through a high throughput phenotypic CD4 T-cell multiplex assay. optimization of the initial hit yielded a lead with good potency and an clearance profile, compound 3-7, which additionally demonstrated efficacy in a murine endotoxin challenge PK-PD mechanistic model.

Canadian female perspectives on training in the boys club: advanced therapeutic endoscopy.

Introduction: Unequal female representation in the field of advanced therapeutic endoscopy (ATE) has been recently highlighted in the United States. Previous attempts to determine the barriers to entry into the career have reported a lack of mentorship, patriarchy, inflexible hours/calls and exposure to fluoroscopy. Canadian trainee exposure to ATE and differences in experience between men and women is unknown.

Is COVID-19 infection during pregnancy a risk for congenital hearing loss?

Objective: Infections during pregnancy can increase the risk of congenital hearing loss. This population-based study investigated the effect of birthing parent COVID-19 infection during pregnancy on risk of congenital hearing loss in infants.

Methods: Records of infants born in 2022 were reviewed via a retrospective clinical audit of a universal state-wide newborn hearing screening program in Victoria, Australia.

Intra-peritoneal Povidone-iodine Irrigation Decreases Abscesses in a Perforated Appendicitis Murine Model.

Background: Children with perforated appendicitis frequently form post-operative intra-abdominal abscesses (IAA). Intra-peritoneal irrigation for prevention remains controversial. Using a perforated appendicitis murine model, we sought to determine the effect of intra-peritoneal irrigation on post-operative IAA and adhesion formation.

Chromosome-scale Reference Genome and RAD-based Genetic Map of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) Reveal Putative Structural Variation and QTL Associated With Invader Traits.

Invasive species offer outstanding opportunities to identify the genomic sources of variation that contribute to rapid adaptation, as well as the genetic mechanisms facilitating invasions. The Eurasian plant yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) is highly invasive in North and South American grasslands and known to have evolved increased growth and reproduction during invasion. Here, we develop new genomic resources for C.

Optimizing the Approach and Clinical Outcomes of Women Undergoing Chronic Total Occlusion-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with chronic total occlusions (CTOs) representing a particularly challenging subset. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for CTOs has evolved significantly over the years, driven by advancements in equipment, techniques, and operator expertise. However, women have historically been underrepresented in clinical trials and guidelines, leading to a gap in an evidence-based management tailored to their specific needs, including in CTO-PCI.

Phylogenetic tree instability after taxon addition: empirical frequency, predictability, and consequences for online inference.

Online phylogenetic inference methods add sequentially arriving sequences to an inferred phylogeny without the need to recompute the entire tree from scratch. Some online method implementations exist already, but there remains concern that additional sequences may change the topological relationship among the original set of taxa. We call such a change in tree topology a lack of stability for the inferred tree.

Mental health provider and youth service users' perspectives regarding implementation of a digital mental health platform for youth: A survey study.

Background: For youth and young adults (YYAs) with mental health concerns, digital mental health (dMH) can improve access to care and support collaboration with providers. Measurement-based care using a dMH platform may further optimize YYA outcomes by individualizing treatment approaches. Engaging service providers and YYA provides an opportunity to better understand how to mitigate implementation challenges.

Misaligned or misheard? Physical activity and healthy eating messaging to ethnic minority communities during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study and scoping review.

This mixed-methods study identified physical activity (PA) and healthy eating messages produced during the COVID-19 pandemic and explored how they were received by UK ethnic minority communities. A scoping review of research and grey literature identified categories of PA and healthy eating messaging targeted at ethnic minorities. Individual and group interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Adynamic spoken language in corpus callosum dysgenesis.

Corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) is a congenital brain malformation that occurs when the development of the corpus callosum is disrupted, either partially or completely. The cognitive outcomes in individuals with CCD vary greatly, but generally the neuropsychological profile is characterised by slow processing speed, poor transfer of interhemispheric sensory-motor information, and impaired complex problem solving. Core language skills are often preserved in CCD, but there is some evidence that complex language may be impaired.

Implementing an early-life nutrition intervention through primary healthcare: staff perspectives.

Background: Nutrition interventions targeting early childhood can be cost-effective and may provide lifelong, intergenerational benefits. From October 2022 to April 2023 the Nutrition Now (NN) e-learning resource was implemented within Early Childhood Education and Care centres and the Maternal and Child Healthcare Centre (MCHC) in a southern Norwegian municipality. As part of the NN project, the present study aims to explore the MCHC staff's experiences with implementing the NN resource, to gain insights into measures important to scale up digital early-life nutrition interventions.

The role of mental illness and neurodevelopmental conditions in human papillomavirus vaccination uptake within the Swedish school-based vaccination programme: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Despite documented mental illness-related disparities in cervical cancer screening and incidence, insufficient data exist on differences in cervical cancer prevention strategies, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. We aimed to investigate the association of mental illness and neurodevelopmental conditions among girls and their parents with uptake of HPV vaccination in Sweden.

Methods: This population-based cohort study was based on the Swedish school-based HPV vaccination programme, which offers the first vaccine dose to girls aged 10-13 years, with a second dose offered within 12 months.

Age at onset of type 2 diabetes and prevalence of vascular disease and heart failure: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and the risk of macrovascular disease, heart failure, and microvascular disease.

Methods: In August 2022, PubMed/EMBASE were searched for articles reporting (i) coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, amputation; (ii) heart failure; and (iii) retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy (albuminuria, chronic kidney disease [CKD], end-stage renal disease) by age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Random effects, non-linear dose-response meta-analysis was undertaken for each outcome to assess the association with age at diagnosis (40 years = reference), using both crude and maximally adjusted odds ratios separately, with and without adjustment for current age (age at sampling).

What Does 'Preconception Health' Mean to People? A Public Consultation on Awareness and Use of Language.

Introduction: There is growing scientific and policy recognition that optimising health before a potential pregnancy (preconception health) improves reproductive outcomes and the lifelong health of future children. However, public awareness on this topic is low. We conducted a public consultation to develop language recommendations and identify and prioritise approaches to inform research and improve public awareness of preconception health.

Healthcare professional and commissioners' perspectives on the factors facilitating and hindering the implementation of digital tools for self-management of long-term conditions within UK healthcare pathways.

Physical activity is important in the self-management of long-term conditions (LTCs). However, implementing physical activity into clinical practice is challenging, due to complex barriers including access to programmes, time pressures, and transport costs, for people with comorbidities, managing multiple responsibilities. Various digital tools exist to overcome these barriers and support wide-scale implementation to help people stay physically active.

Doubling down on polyploid discoveries: Global advances in genomics and ecological impacts of polyploidy.

All flowering plants are now recognized as diploidized paleopolyploids (Jiao et al., 2011; One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, 2019), and polyploid species comprise approximately 30% of contemporary plant species (Wood et al., 2009; Barker et al.

Identifying pregnant and postpartum women's priorities for enhancing nutrition support through social needs programmes in a resource-constrained urban community in South Africa.

Background: Malnutrition remains a pressing public health concern for mothers and children in South Africa. Despite the government's multisectoral response, unaddressed social needs prevent some mothers getting full benefit from interventions, spanning financial planning, income stability, housing, access to government services, social support, and provision of affordable, nutritious foods. Engaging with mothers and prioritising their concerns is important if we wish to overcome obstacles to women benefiting from government nutrition interventions.

A Healthy Conversation Skills intervention to support changes to physical activity and dietary behaviours in community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims: Physical activity (PA) and nutrition are important determinants of health in late adulthood. However, low levels of PA and poor nutrition are common in older adults and have become more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesised that Healthy Conversation Skills could be used to support health behaviour changes beneficial for health in older adults and thus conducted a study nested within the UK Hertfordshire Cohort Study.

Species-tree topology impacts the inference of ancient whole-genome duplications across the angiosperm phylogeny.

Premise: The history of angiosperms is marked by repeated rounds of ancient whole-genome duplications (WGDs). Here we used state-of-the-art methods to provide an up-to-date view of the distribution of WGDs in the history of angiosperms that considers both uncertainty introduced by different WGD inference methods and different underlying species-tree hypotheses.

Methods: We used the distribution synonymous divergences (K) of paralogs and orthologs from transcriptomic and genomic data to infer and place WGDs across two hypothesized angiosperm phylogenies.