Early Childhood Oral Health and Nutrition in Urban and Rural Nepal.

Globalization and urbanization in Nepal have driven a nutritional transition from an agricultural-based diet to an ultra-processed, sugary diet. This study assessed the nutrition and oral health of 836 children age 6 months to 6 years and their families in rural and urban Nepal. Mothers were interviewed about maternal-child oral health and nutrition, and children received dental exams and height and weight measurements.

Facial emotion processing in patients with seizure disorders.

Studies of emotion processing are needed to better understand the pathophysiology of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). We examined the differences in facial emotion processing between 12 patients with PNES, 12 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and 24 matched healthy controls (HCs) using fMRI with emotional faces task (EFT) (happy/sad/fearful/neutral) and resting state connectivity. Compared with TLE, patients with PNES exhibited increased fMRI response to happy, neutral, and fearful faces in visual, temporal, and/or parietal regions and decreased fMRI response to sad faces in the putamen bilaterally.

Early Childhood Caries, Mouth Pain, and Nutritional Threats in Vietnam.

Objectives: We investigated the relationships among early childhood caries (ECC), mouth pain, and nutritional status in children aged 1 to 6 years in Southern and Central Vietnam.

Methods: A total of 593 parent-child pairs were recruited from 5 kindergartens or preschools in Ho-Chi Minh City and Da Nang. Parents completed surveys about dietary habits, oral health practices, and children's mouth pain experience; children received anthropometric assessment and dental examinations.

Statistics in clinical research: Important considerations.

Statistical analysis is one of the foundations of evidence-based clinical practice, a key in conducting new clinical research and in evaluating and applying prior research. In this paper, we review the choice of statistical procedures, analyses of the associations among variables and techniques used when the clinical processes being examined are still in process. We discuss methods for building predictive models in clinical situations, and ways to assess the stability of these models and other quantitative conclusions.

Early weight bearing after modified lapidus arthodesis: a multicenter review of 80 cases.

The modified Lapidus arthrodesis involves fusion of the first tarsometatarsal, which typically takes about 6 weeks to consolidate. Postoperative protocols typically involve non-weight bearing until bone consolidation occurs, however, with a stable fixation construct, protected weight bearing can be initiated earlier than 6 weeks into the postoperative period. Studies specifically evaluating an early weight bearing protocol after lapidus arthrodesis do not exist; such a protocol is the focus of this investigation.

A multilingual mass communication intervention for seniors and people with disabilities on Medicaid: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the following: (1) baseline knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions about Medicaid managed care (MMC) among seniors and people with disabilities (SPD) receiving Medicaid benefits; (2) SPD Medicaid beneficiaries' use of and satisfaction with a user-designed MMC guidebook; and (3) guidebook effects on changes in MMC knowledge, attitudes, and intended behaviors of SPD beneficiaries.

Data Sources/study Setting: Survey data collected between February and May 2008 from a random sample of SPD receiving Medicaid benefits in three California counties.

Study Design: This randomized controlled trial of 319 intervention and 373 control SPD Medicaid beneficiaries used pre- and postintervention telephone surveys to compare changes in MMC knowledge, attitudes, and intended behaviors.

A critical evaluation of subtalar joint arthrosis associated with middle facet talocalcaneal coalition in 21 surgically managed patients: a retrospective computed tomography review. Investigations involving middle facet coalitions-part III.

Symptomatic middle facet talocalcaneal coalition is frequently associated with rearfoot arthrosis that is often managed surgically with rearfoot fusion. However, no objective method for classifying the extent of subtalar joint arthrosis exists. No study has clearly identified the extent of posterior facet arthrosis present in a large cohort treated surgically for talocalcaneal coalition through preoperative computerized axial tomography.

Hetastarch increases the risk of bleeding complications in patients after off-pump coronary bypass surgery: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: Hetastarch is an artificial colloid widely used intraoperatively in fluid-replacement regimens. Previous studies have found that the intraoperative administration of hetastarch may increase the risk of postoperative bleeding in patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Previous published reports have not examined this risk in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass.

Oral steroids in initial treatment of acute sciatica.

Objective: Many physicians use prednisone to treat acute sciatica with the hope of speeding recovery. There is little clinical evidence to support this practice. Our objective was to determine whether early administration of oral prednisone affects parameters related to recovery from acute sciatica.

Human intracranially-recorded cortical responses evoked by painful electrical stimulation of the sural nerve.

Intracranial recordings were obtained from 5 epilepsy patients to help identify the generators of the scalp somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) components that appear to be involved in orienting attention towards a potentially threatening, painful sural nerve electrical stimulus. The intracranial recording data support, for the most part, the generators suggested by our scalp SEP studies. The generators of the central negativity at 70-110 ms post-stimulus and the contralateral temporal negativity at 100-180 ms are located in the somatosensory association areas in the medial wall of the parietal cortex and in the parietal operculum and insula, respectively.

Statistical mapping of scalp-recorded ictal EEG records using wavelet analysis.

Purpose: The wavelet transform (WT) is well suited for the analysis of signals whose characteristics vary rapidly over time. We devised a computerized method for objective scoring of scalp-recorded seizures that takes advantage of the WT.

Methods: Using wavelet coefficients as a metric, we devised a statistical scoring method aimed at detecting significant and sustained rhythmic buildup.

Responses of human auditory association cortex to the omission of an expected acoustic event.

Unexpected auditory events initiate a complex set of event-related potentials (ERPs) that vary in their latency and anatomical localization. Such "mismatch" responses include active responses to the omission of an expected event or the omission of elements in expected stimulus composites. Here we describe intracranial recordings of middle-latency ERPs elicited by the omission of an auditory event.

Changing patterns of resident operative experience from 1990 to 1997.

Hypothesis: Resident operative experience has increased or decreased with respect to 12 specific operations.

Design: A retrospective analysis of resident operative experience reported to the Accreditation Committee for Graduate Medical Education for academic years 1990-1997.

Subjects: Residents completing an Accreditation Committee for Graduate Medical Education surgical program.

Potential therapeutic effects of contrast materials in hysterosalpingography: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Kaiser Permanente Infertility Work Group.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of the contrast material used in hysterosalpingography (HSG) on subsequent reproductive success, independent of other therapeutic interventions.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective, multisite, randomized trial, 666 women who had been infertile for more than 1 year and were scheduled to undergo HSG as part of their evaluation were assigned to one of three groups: those receiving water-soluble contrast material (WSCM) (n = 260), those receiving oil-soluble contrast material (OSCM) (n = 273), and those receiving both OSCM and WSCM (n = 133). Possible causes of infertility and therapeutic interventions were abstracted from the medical records.

Exertional heat illness and hyponatremia in hikers.

We compared clinical presentation and course of exercise-associated hyponatremia with heat exhaustion among summertime hikers in Grand Canyon National Park. Cases were selected from among hikers who requested medical help from the National Park Service Emergency Medical Service (EMS) or who presented to the medical clinic on the rim of the canyon with complaints related to exercise in the heat. Of 44 patients who had serum samples analyzed, 7 had hyponatremia with clinically significant symptoms and serum sodium levels <130 mmol/L: 3 had grand mal seizures, 2 had other major central nervous system disorders, and 2 had minor neurological symptoms.

Prostitution, violence, and posttraumatic stress disorder.

One hundred and thirty people working as prostitutes in San Francisco were interviewed regarding the extent of violence in their lives and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fifty-seven percent reported that they had been sexually assaulted as children and 49% reported that they had been physically assaulted as children. As adults in prostitution, 82% had been physically assaulted; 83% had been threatened with a weapon; 68% had been raped while working as prostitutes; and 84% reported current or past homelessness.

Antegrade cold blood cardioplegia is not demonstrably advantageous over cold crystalloid cardioplegia in surgery for congenital heart disease.

Objective: The superiority of blood cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery has not previously been challenged in a controlled clinical trial. The purpose of this study was to compare antegrade cold blood versus cold crystalloid cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery.

Methods: One hundred thirty-eight pediatric patients (mean age 32 months; 95% CL 24.

Deaths related to iodinated contrast media reported spontaneously to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 1978-1994: effect of the availability of low-osmolality contrast media.

Purpose: To determine whether reports of iodinated contrast medium-related deaths have decreased since low-osmolality contrast media (LOCM) became widely available in the United States.

Materials And Methods: With use of reports to the U.S.

Nonfatal adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media: spontaneous reporting to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 1978-1994.

Purpose: To identify any changes in the frequency of serious, nonfatal adverse drug events (ADEs) reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1978-1994 since the introduction of low-osmolality contrast media (LOCM).

Somatization, dissociation, and tension-reducing behaviors in psychiatric outpatients.

Background: Conceptual and methodological difficulties exist in assessing coping behaviors.

Methods: This study investigated coping behaviors in 102 psychiatric outpatients. We used the Dissociative Experiences Scale, a 17-item posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist; 2 measures of somatization (the Wahler Physical Symptom Inventory and the Physical Symptom Questionnaire), and 21 questions about subject involvement in positive and pathologic tension-reducing behaviors.

Factors predicting the recurrence of adhesive small-bowel obstruction.

Background: A long-standing debate exists about whether stable patients who have adhesive small-bowel obstruction (ASBO) are best managed operatively or nonoperatively. In addition, the factors that predict recurrence have not been established.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using medical records of 31 ASBO patients managed operatively and 59 managed nonoperatively.