MRI-based PI-RADS score predicts ISUP upgrading and adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy in men with biopsy ISUP 1 prostate cancer.

Introduction: Most men diagnosed with very-low and low-risk prostate cancer are candidates for active surveillance; however, there is still a misclassification risk. We examined whether PI-RADS category 4 or 5 combined with ISUP 1 on prostate biopsy predicts upgrading and/or adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy.

Materials And Methods: A total of 127 patients had ISUP 1 cancer on biopsy after multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and then underwent radical prostatectomy.

Instability in the quantum restart problem.

Repeatedly monitored quantum walks with a rate 1/τ yield discrete-time trajectories which are inherently random. With these paths the first-hitting time with sharp restart is studied. We find an instability in the optimal mean hitting time, which is not found in the corresponding classical random-walk process.

Learning-induced bidirectional enhancement of inhibitory synaptic metaplasticity.

Training rodents in a particularly difficult olfactory-discrimination (OD) task results in the acquisition of the ability to perform the task well, termed 'rule learning'. In addition to enhanced intrinsic excitability and synaptic excitation in piriform cortex pyramidal neurons, rule learning results in increased synaptic inhibition across the whole cortical network to the point where it precisely maintains the balance between inhibition and excitation. The mechanism underlying such precise inhibitory enhancement remains to be explored.

Stretched-exponential relaxation in weakly confined Brownian systems through large deviation theory.

Stretched-exponential relaxation is a widely observed phenomenon found in ordered ferromagnets as well as glassy systems. One modeling approach connects this behavior to a droplet dynamics described by an effective Langevin equation for the droplet radius with an r^{2/3} potential. Here, we study a Brownian particle under the influence of a general confining, albeit weak, potential field that grows with distance as a sublinear power law.

Ergodic properties of Brownian motion under stochastic resetting.

We study the ergodic properties of one-dimensional Brownian motion with resetting. Using generic classes of statistics of times between resets, we find respectively for thin- or fat-tailed distributions the normalized or non-normalized invariant density of this process. The former case corresponds to known results in the resetting literature and the latter to infinite ergodic theory.

Reversing Aging: Decline in Complex Olfactory Learning Can be Rectified by Restoring Intrinsic Plasticity of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons.

The acquisition of complex rules requires modifications in intrinsic plasticity of excitatory neurons within relevant brain areas. Olfactory discrimination (OD) rule learning occludes slow calcium-dependent potassium current (sI ) in piriform cortex (PC) pyramidal neurons, which increases their intrinsic neuronal excitability. Similar learning-induced sI changes are demonstrated in hippocampal CA1.

Statistics of long-range force fields in random environments: Beyond Holtsmark.

Since the times of Holtsmark (1911), statistics of fields in random environments have been widely studied, for example in astrophysics, active matter, and line-shape broadening. The power-law decay of the two-body interaction of the form 1/|r|^{δ}, and assuming spatial uniformity of the medium particles exerting the forces, imply that the fields are fat-tailed distributed, and in general are described by stable Lévy distributions. With this widely used framework, the variance of the field diverges, which is nonphysical, due to finite size cutoffs.

Triggering Gaussian-to-Exponential Transition of Displacement Distribution in Polymer Nanocomposites Adsorption-Induced Trapping.

In many disordered systems, the diffusion of classical particles is described by a displacement distribution (, ) that displays exponential tails instead of Gaussian statistics expected for Brownian motion. However, the experimental demonstration of control of this behavior by increasing the disorder strength has remained challenging. In this work, we explore the Gaussian-to-exponential transition by using diffusion of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in attractive nanoparticle-polymer mixtures and controlling the volume fraction of the nanoparticles.

Controls that expedite first-passage times in disordered systems.

First-passage time statistics in disordered systems exhibiting scale invariance are studied widely. In particular, long trapping times in energy or entropic traps are fat-tailed distributed, which slow the overall transport process. We study the statistical properties of the first-passage time of biased processes in different models, and we employ the big-jump principle that shows the dominance of the maximum trapping time on the first-passage time.

Non-normalizable quasiequilibrium states under fractional dynamics.

Particles anomalously diffusing in contact with a thermal bath are initially released from an asymptotically flat potential well. For temperatures that are sufficiently low compared to the potential depth, the dynamical and thermodynamical observables of the system remain almost constant for long times. We show how these stagnated states are characterized as non-normalizable quasiequilibrium (NNQE) states.

Complete Blood Count Markers and C-Reactive Protein as Predictors of Testicular Viability in the Event of Testicular Torsion in Adults.

Introduction: The association between blood markers and testicular viability after testicular torsion (TT) is not well known. We evaluated the role of complete blood count markers and C-reactive protein (CRP) in predicting testicular viability after TT.

Methods: Fifty men, ≥18 years of age, operated for TT between the years 2015-2020 were enrolled.

Brownian particles in periodic potentials: Coarse-graining versus fine structure.

We study the motion of an overdamped particle connected to a thermal heat bath in the presence of an external periodic potential in one dimension. When we coarse-grain, i.e.

[UROLOGICAL CONSULT FOR PATIENT WITH RENAL COLIC BEFORE DISCHARGE FROM THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT (ED): THE OUTCOME EFFECT ON SPONTANEOUS STONE EXPULSION AND RE-VISIT TO ED].

Introduction: Renal colic due to ureterolithiasis is a frequent reason for visiting the emergency departments (ED). The majority of those patients are managed non-surgically and will experience a spontaneous stone expulsion. The ED at our hospital works as a unified department, which is a well-established practice in Europe and North America.

Restart Expedites Quantum Walk Hitting Times.

Classical first-passage times under restart are used in a wide variety of models, yet the quantum version of the problem still misses key concepts. We study the quantum hitting time with restart using a monitored quantum walk. The restart strategy eliminates the problem of dark states, i.

Modulation of social investigation by anterior hypothalamic nucleus rhythmic neural activity.

Social interactions involve both approach and avoidance toward specific individuals. Currently, the brain regions subserving these behaviors are not fully recognized. The anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN) is a poorly defined brain area, and recent studies have yielded contradicting conclusions regarding its behavioral role.

Effect of gender on presentation and outcome of renal colic.

Objectives: To examine gender-related differences in the presentation, management, and outcomes of patients admitted to the emergency department ED with ureteral stones.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to the ED at our institution, found to have a ureteral stone on CT. Clinical, laboratory, imaging parameters, and outcomes were collected.

Nck1 activity in lateral amygdala regulates long-term fear memory formation.

Fear conditioning leads to long-term fear memory formation and is a model for studying fear-related psychopathological conditions such as phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder. Long-term fear memory formation is believed to involve alterations of synaptic efficacy mediated by changes in synaptic transmission and morphology in lateral amygdala (LA). Nck1 is a key neuronal adaptor protein involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the neuronal processes believed to be involved in memory formation.

Olfactory rule learning-induced enhancement in intrinsic neuronal excitability is maintained by shutdown of the cholinergic M-current.

Training rats in a particularly difficult olfactory discrimination task initiates a period of accelerated learning, manifested as a dramatic increase in the rats' capacity to discriminate between pairs of odors once they have learned the discrimination task, implying that rule learning has taken place. At the cellular biophysical level, rule learning is maintained by reduction in the conductance of the slow current (sI) simultaneously in most piriform cortex layer II pyramidal neurons. Such sI reduction is expressed in attenuation of the post-burst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) potential and thus in enhanced repetitive action potential firing.

Spontaneous stone expulsion in patients with history of urolithiasis.

Objectives: To examine differences in the presentation, management, and outcomes of patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with ureteral stones, with prior history of urolithiasis compared to patients with a first stone event.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients who visited the ED that were found to have a ureteral stone on CT. Patients were stratified into two groups: without history of urolithiasis (Group 1) and with history of urolithiasis (Group 2).

Discrete Sampling of Extreme Events Modifies Their Statistics.

Extreme value (EV) statistics of correlated systems are widely investigated in many fields, spanning the spectrum from weather forecasting to earthquake prediction. Does the unavoidable discrete sampling of a continuous correlated stochastic process change its EV distribution? We explore this question for correlated random variables modeled via Langevin dynamics for a particle in a potential field. For potentials growing at infinity faster than linearly and for long measurement times, we find that the EV distribution of the discretely sampled process diverges from that of the full continuous dataset and converges to that of independent and identically distributed random variables drawn from the process's equilibrium measure.

Effect of age on presentation and outcome in renal colic.

Objectives: To examine the age-related differences in the presentation, management, and outcomes of patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with ureteral stones.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients who visited the ED at a single institution that were found to have a ureteral stone on CT. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters were collected, including outcomes.

Infinite ergodic theory for three heterogeneous stochastic models with application to subrecoil laser cooling.

We compare ergodic properties of the kinetic energy for three stochastic models of subrecoil-laser-cooled gases. One model is based on a heterogeneous random walk (HRW), another is an HRW with long-range jumps (the exponential model), and the other is a mean-field-like approximation of the exponential model (the deterministic model). All the models show an accumulation of the momentum at zero in the long-time limit, and a formal steady state cannot be normalized, i.

Measurement-induced quantum walks.

We investigate a tight-binding quantum walk on a graph. Repeated stroboscopic measurements of the position of the particle yield a measured "trajectory," and a combination of classical and quantum mechanical properties for the walk are observed. We explore the effects of the measurements on the spreading of the packet on a one-dimensional line, showing that except for the Zeno limit, the system converges to Gaussian statistics similarly to a classical random walk.

Patient Satisfaction and Surgical Outcome After Oncoplastic Reconstruction following Radical Lumpectomy Standard Lumpectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Oncoplastic reconstruction (OR) enables widening of the indications for breast conserving therapy (BCT) and is redefining the limits of breast conservation. We examined the outcome and satisfaction of patients undergoing OR after radical lumpectomy (excision of more than 25% of the breast volume) and compared it to the outcome of women undergoing OR after standard lumpectomy.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective, cohort study, including all patients undergoing OR after BCT between 2009 and 2018, was conducted.