Opa1 and MT-Nd6 mutations induce early mitochondrial changes in the retina and prelaminar optic nerve of hereditary optic neuropathy mouse models.

Hereditary optic neuropathies, including dominant optic atrophy and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, are genetic disorders characterized by retinal ganglion cell degeneration leading to vision loss, mainly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we analysed mitochondrial distribution and ultrastructure in the retina and longitudinal optic nerve sections of pre-symptomatic hereditary optic neuropathies mouse models with Opa1 and Nd6 deficiency to identify early mitochondrial changes. Our results show significant mitochondrial fragmentation and increased mitophagy in mice, indicating early mitochondrial changes prior to neuronal loss.

Constitutive HIF-1α Expression in the Epidermis Fuels Proliferation and Is Essential for Effective Barrier Formation.

Epidermis is one of the most rapidly proliferating tissues in the body with high demands for adenosine triphosphate and cellular building blocks. In this study, we show that to meet these requirements, keratinocytes constitutively express HIF-1α, even in the presence of oxygen levels sufficient for HIF-1α hydroxylation. We previously reported that mice with severe epidermal mitochondrial dysfunction actually showed a hyperproliferative epidermis but rapidly died of systemic lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia, indicating excessive glycolysis.

Monoamine oxidases: A missing link between mitochondria and inflammation in chronic diseases ?

The role of mitochondria spans from the regulation of the oxidative phosphorylation, cell metabolism and survival/death pathways to a more recently identified function in chronic inflammation. In stress situations, mitochondria release some pro-inflammatory mediators such as ATP, cardiolipin, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or mitochondrial DNA, that are believed to participate in chronic diseases and aging. These mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (mito-DAMPs) can modulate specific receptors among which TLR9, NLRP3 and cGAS-STING, triggering immune cells activation and sterile inflammation.

Corrigendum to "Cadmium sulfide-induced toxicity in the cortex and cerebellum: and studies" [Toxicol. Rep. 7 (2020) 637-648].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.

Naked mole-rats: at the heart of it.

Faulkes et al. recently showed that naked mole-rats (NMRs) have a very distinctive cardiac gene expression profile among other African mole-rats, as well as metabolic variations that result from their chronic exposure to a hypoxic environment. These adaptations might underlie their resistance to cardiac ischemic injuries.

Mitochondrial F0F1-ATP synthase governs the induction of mitochondrial fission.

Mitochondrial dynamics is a process that balances fusion and fission events, the latter providing a mechanism for segregating dysfunctional mitochondria. Fission is controlled by the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) cleavage, and DRP1 recruitment. It is thought that this process is closely linked to the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC).

Evaluation of the non-alcoholic fatty liver fibrosis score in predicting short-term outcomes and severe coronary artery disease in patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography.

Introduction: The correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease is well established.

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the short-term associations of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS) with various outcomes, including mortality, severe coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and the need for coronary angiography, among patients who underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA).

Material And Methods: In this study, we assessed 499 patients who underwent 640-slice CCTA and evaluated their liver fibrosis using the NFS.

Popliteal access for endovascular procedures in femoropopliteal artery occlusive disease.

Introduction: Even though it has been reported that femoropopliteal artery endovascular revascularization is often performed with antegrade femoral artery interventions, which are technically relatively challenging, having the advantage of better control, it has also been reported that recanalization failure may occur in approximately 20% of patients and some materials have been developed for this reason.

Aim: To evaluate the safety of retrograde popliteal artery intervention and our procedural success rate for symptomatic femoropopliteal artery occlusive disease.

Material And Methods: A total of 95 endovascular revascularization procedures were performed for treating symptomatic occlusive peripheral artery disease in the study period.

Quantitative investigation of the bacterial content of periodontal abscess samples by real-time PCR.

Objectives: Periodontal abscesses, which are part of the acute periodontal disease group characterized by the destruction of periodontal tissue with deep periodontal pockets, bleeding on probing, suppuration, and localized pus accumulation, cause rapid destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial content of periodontal abscesses by specific and culture-independent qPCR.

Methods: This study was conducted on 30 volunteers diagnosed with periodontal abscesses and presenting with complaints of localized pain, swelling, and tenderness in the gingiva.

Pseudomonas stutzeri improves the tolerance of Lemna minor to Cu(OH) nanopesticide by regulating the uptake of copper, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the expression of metacaspase-1, chlorophyllase, and stress-responsive genes.

This study investigated the effect of Pseudomonas stutzeri inoculation on Lemna minor treated with Cu(OH) nanopesticide (NP). The results showed that P. stutzeri inoculation increased the relative growth rate (RGR) in NP-treated plants.

Boron-resistant Alternaria alternata (OG14) mitigates boron stress by improving physiological and antioxidative response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Effect of Alternaria alternata (OG14) isolated from a rock lichen (Xanthoria sp.) was investigated on the relief of boron stress in wheat. To determine the tolerance level to B stress, the fungus was grown at increasing boric acid (BA) concentrations in the range of 0.

Combined fibre atrophy and decreased muscle regeneration capacity driven by mitochondrial DNA alterations underlie the development of sarcopenia.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mitochondrial (mtDNA) deletions have been associated with skeletal muscle atrophy and myofibre loss. However, whether such defects occurring in myofibres cause sarcopenia is unclear. Also, the contribution of mtDNA alterations in muscle stem cells (MuSCs) to sarcopenia remains to be investigated.

Radiographic predictors of failure of simple manual traction of transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads: a single-center experience.

Background: Extraction of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads could be a difficult procedure due to fibrous tissue around the lead and anatomical variations. In this report, we present our experience in the radiographic predictors of failure of simple manual traction (SMT) in patients with dual-coil ICD requiring lead extraction (LE).

Methods: Between January 2017 and February 2021, 103 leads were removed in 65 consecutive patients; 65 (63.

Mitochondrial respiration in B lymphocytes is essential for humoral immunity by controlling the flux of the TCA cycle.

To elucidate the function of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) during B cell differentiation, we employ CD23Cre-driven expression of the dominant-negative K320E mutant of the mitochondrial helicase Twinkle (DNT). DNT-expression depletes mitochondrial DNA during B cell maturation, reduces the abundance of respiratory chain protein subunits encoded by mitochondrial DNA, and, consequently, respiratory chain super-complexes in activated B cells. Whereas B cell development in DNT mice is normal, B cell proliferation, germinal centers, class switch to IgG, plasma cell maturation, and T cell-dependent as well as T cell-independent humoral immunity are diminished.

Cancer/Testis Antigen 55 is required for cancer cell proliferation and mitochondrial DNA maintenance.

Cancer/Testis Antigens (CTAs) represent a group of proteins whose expression under physiological conditions is restricted to testis but activated in many human cancers. Also, it was observed that co-expression of multiple CTAs worsens the patient prognosis. Five CTAs were reported acting in mitochondria and we recently reported 147 transcripts encoded by 67 CTAs encoding for proteins potentially targeted to mitochondria.

Changes in cardiac cells due to ticagrelor and enoxaparin in a rat ischemia/reperfusion model.

Objective: Studies on ischemia/reperfusion injury remain the focus of interest. Ticagrelor and enoxaparin, which are antiaggregant and anticoagulant drugs developed for use in many cardiovascular pathologies, are still included in many ischemia/reperfusion studies. Remarkably, their new protective effects, especially with regard to ticagrelor, continue to be reported in the current literature.

Multidimensional Evaluation of Pulmonary Function and Exercise Capacity by BODE Index in Patients with On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) often causes physiological changes in patients. Although functional changes, such as lung function and exercise capacity changes, are observed in patients, there are no detailed studies examining this. The aim was to compare preoperative and postoperative pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients undergoing on-pump CABG with a multidimensional index (BODE index).

Secondary coenzyme Q deficiency in neurological disorders.

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a ubiquitous lipid serving essential cellular functions. It is the only component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain that can be exogenously absorbed. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge, controversies, and open questions about CoQ intracellular and tissue distribution, in particular in brain and skeletal muscle.

Epithelial loss of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation leads to disturbed enamel and impaired dentin matrix formation in postnatal developed mouse incisor.

The formation of dentin and enamel matrix depends on reciprocal interactions between epithelial-mesenchymal cells. To assess the role of mitochondrial function in amelogenesis and dentinogenesis, we studied postnatal incisor development in K320E-Twinkle mice. In these mice, a loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), followed by a severe defect in the oxidative phosphorylation system is induced specifically in Keratin 14 (K14+) expressing epithelial cells.

Accurate mapping of mitochondrial DNA deletions and duplications using deep sequencing.

Deletions and duplications in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cause mitochondrial disease and accumulate in conditions such as cancer and age-related disorders, but validated high-throughput methodology that can readily detect and discriminate between these two types of events is lacking. Here we establish a computational method, MitoSAlt, for accurate identification, quantification and visualization of mtDNA deletions and duplications from genomic sequencing data. Our method was tested on simulated sequencing reads and human patient samples with single deletions and duplications to verify its accuracy.

Cancer/Testis Antigens into mitochondria: a hub between spermatogenesis, tumorigenesis and mitochondrial physiology adaptation.

Cancer/Testis Antigens (CTAs) genes are expressed only during spermatogenesis and tumorigenesis. Both processes share common specific metabolic adaptation related to energy supply, with a glucose to lactate gradient, leading to changes in mitochondrial physiology paralleling CTAs expression. In this review, we address the role of CTAs in mitochondria (mitoCTAs), by reviewing all published data, and assessing the putative localization of CTAs by screening for the presence of a mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS).