Technology beyond Biology; Isn't It Time to Update WHO's Definition of Health?

Technology is increasingly shaping human life, particularly in healthcare, where recent advancements have revolutionized patient care. Despite these advances, the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of health remains rooted in traditional notions, raising questions about its adequacy in light of technological progress. This paper explores the conceptual and practical limitations of the current definition and argues for its revision to encompass the role of technology in health.

Health beyond biology: the extended health hypothesis and technology.

There are ethical dilemmas faced by clinicians when responding to using unregistered medical devices, such as innovative internet technologies for managing type 1 diabetes mellitus. This chronic disease significantly impacts patients' health, requiring intensive daily activities like blood glucose monitoring, insulin injections, and specific dietary recommendations. Recent technological advances, including continuous glucose monitors and insulin pumps, have been shown to improve glycemic control.

The Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Detecting Early Dysglycemia and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is the most common comorbidity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). CFRD has been correlated with important clinical outcomes, including poor nutrition, reduced pulmonary function, and earlier mortality. However, clinical decline due to abnormalities of blood glucose (dysglycemia) begins early in CF, before the diagnosis of CFRD by the gold-standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Ambulatory Glucose Profile Changes During Pregnancy in Women With Type 1 Diabetes Using Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring Empowered by Personalized Education.

The ambulatory glucose profile is a valuable tool in managing type 1 diabetes during pregnancy. Time in range (TIR) in the third trimester is one of the most significant parameters contributing to good pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) empowered by education on glucose dynamics and to predict third trimester TIR.

Genetic and Clinical Characterization of Patients with HNF1B-Related MODY in Croatia.

Background: Mutation of the gene encoding Hepatocyte Nuclear transcription Factor-1 Beta (HNF1B) causes a rare monogenetic subtype of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY). HNF1B-related MODY results in the dysfunction of multiple organ systems. However, genetic analysis enables personalized medicine for patients and families.

Relative Frequency of Islet Autoimmunity in Children and Adolescents with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate islet autoimmunity and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children/adolescents with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD, and in family members of AITD patients with islet autoimmunity.

Methods: Islet-cell cytoplasmic, glutamic-acid decarboxylase, and tyrosine-phosphatase autoantibodies (AAbs) were measured in 161 AITD patients [127 with autoimmune thyroiditis (AT); 34 with Graves’ disease (GD)], 20 family members of AITD patients with islet autoimmunity, and 155 age-matched controls.

Results: Islet autoimmunity was found in 10.

Presentation of Graves' orbitopathy within European Group On Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) centres from 2012 to 2019 (PREGO III).

Background: Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is subject to epidemiological and care-related changes. Aim of the survey was to identify trends in presentation of GO to the European Group On Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) tertiary referral centres and initial management over time.

Methods: Prospective observational multicentre study.

Nonsurgical treatment for upper eyelid retraction in patients with inactive Graves' orbitopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin) in treating upper eyelid retraction in patients with Graves orbitopathy (GO) initially scheduled for surgery via two different application sites.

Methods: This is a comparative, prospective study, conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, EUGOGO site (EUropean Group On Graves' Orbitopathy) in Croatia from January 2020 till January of 2021 in accordance with national health headquarter recommendations. All patients were classified as inactive with marked eyelid retraction and randomly divided into groups according to application sites.

Glycemic Variability in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Pregnancies-Novel Parameters in Predicting Large-for-Gestational-Age Neonates: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Pregnancies with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have a high incidence of large-for-gestational-age neonates (LGA) despite optimal glycemic control. In recent years, glycemic variability (GV) has emerged as a possible risk factor for LGA, but the results of the conducted studies are unclear. This study analyzed the association between GV and LGA development in pregnancies with T1DM.

Prevalence and predictors of diabetes-related distress in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a chronic disease requiring lifelong insulin therapy and rigorous self-management. As it negatively impacts the affected individuals' quality of life, it may eventually lead to diabetes-related distress. This study evaluated the prevalence and identified the predictors of diabetes-related distress in a representative sample of adults with T1DM treated at secondary and tertiary levels in Croatia.

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Croatian Obese Patients.

Background: Patients with obesity may experience lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Little is known about these symptoms in obese patients in Croatia. The aim of this study was to asses LUTS in this group of patients.

Pregnancy in Patients with Type One Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion-Preconception Basal Insulin Dose as a Potential Risk Factor for Fetal Overgrowth?

Despite widespread use of technology, type one diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is still a great clinical challenge during pregnancy. This study aims to assess how prenatal variables of T1DM patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) influence pregnancy outcomes. We performed a retrospective study of 35 patients with T1DM treated with CSII during pregnancy.

Case report of chloroquine therapy and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: What should we have in mind during the COVID-19 pandemic?

A type 1 diabetes patient experienced remission associated with chloroquine therapy while travelling to a malaria-endemic area. Chloroquine has immunomodulatory and hypoglycaemic effects and may become more frequently used due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with type 1 diabetes treated with chloroquine should be monitored for hypoglycaemia, even after recovery.

Count Ivan VIII Drašković: a case of Graves' orbitopathy?

There is a possibility that Count Ivan VIII Drašković (1740-1787), a member of one of the oldest and most famous Croatian noble families, had Graves' disease and suffered from a thyroid disorder. Our suspicions were aroused by certain data, including his personal history, his lifestyle, including use of tobacco and iodine, as well as stress, and, finally, two portraits. If he was affected by Graves' disease and orbitopathy, his poor health might have been a consequence of thyroid disease, which was further worsened by injury and tobacco use.

Hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral antihyperglycemic agents detected by continuous glucose monitoring: a multi-center prospective observational study in Croatia.

Background: Hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still unsolved issue. The aim of this study was to investigate hypoglycemia in T2DM in participants treated with oral antihyperglycemic agents using different glucose cut-off values and to explore influence of different therapies.

Methods: This multi-center prospective observational study included participant with T2DM from primary care offices across Croatia treated with antihyperglycemic agents who were monitored using professional continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device (iPro™2).

GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 AFFECTS TASTE PERCEPTION DIFFERENTLY IN WOMEN: A RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CROSSOVER STUDY.

Gastrointestinal tract is an important connector between food intake and body weight, it senses basic tastes in a similar manner as the tongue. The aim of the study was to find out how gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) influences taste preference. Fourteen healthy participants (six male and eight female) were included in this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.