Contrasting Summertime Trends in Vehicle Combustion Efficiency in Los Angeles, CA and Salt Lake City, UT.

Policy interventions and technological advances are mitigating emissions of air pollutants from motor vehicles. As a result, vehicle fleets are expected to progressively combust fuel more efficiently, with a declining ratio of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide (CO/CO) in their emissions. We assess trends in traffic combustion efficiency in Los Angeles (LA) and Salt Lake City (SLC) by measuring changes in summertime on-road CO/CO between 2013 and 2021 using mobile observations.

Declining methane emissions and steady, high leakage rates observed over multiple years in a western US oil/gas production basin.

Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, is the main component of natural gas. Previous research has identified considerable methane emissions associated with oil and gas production, but estimates of emission trends have been inconsistent, in part due to limited in-situ methane observations spanning multiple years in oil/gas production regions. Here we present a unique analysis of one of the longest-running datasets of in-situ methane observations from an oil/gas production region in Utah's Uinta Basin.

Intra-city variability of fine particulate matter during COVID-19 lockdown: A case study from Park City, Utah.

Urban air quality is a growing concern due a range of social, economic, and health impacts. Since the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic began in 2020, governments have produced a range of non-medical interventions (NMIs) (e.g.

Iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy versus whole-body magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging in children with high-risk neuroblastoma - pilot study.

Background: The prognostic value of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology European Neuroblastoma Research Network (SIOPEN) skeletal score using iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) has been confirmed for people with high-risk neuroblastoma. Whole-body MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging is used increasingly.

Objective: To compare the original SIOPEN score and its adaption by diffusion-weighted imaging in high-risk stage 4 neuroblastoma and to evaluate any consequences of score differences on overall survival.

Constraining Urban CO Emissions Using Mobile Observations from a Light Rail Public Transit Platform.

Urban environments are characterized by pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity, which can present sampling challenges when utilizing conventional greenhouse gas (GHG) measurement systems. In Salt Lake City, Utah, a GHG instrument was deployed on a light rail train car that continuously traverses the Salt Lake Valley (SLV) through a range of urban typologies. CO measurements from a light rail train car were used within a Bayesian inverse modeling framework to constrain urban emissions across the SLV during the fall of 2015.

Diagnostic value of whole-body MRI in Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome: a clinical case series (3 case reports).

Background: Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare clinical disorder and typically occurs in association with occult neuroblastic tumor in pediatric patients. I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) scintigraphy is widely adopted as screening procedure in patients with suspected neuroblastic tumor. Also, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) are involved in the imaging workup, primarily for the assessment of the primary tumor region.

Long-term urban carbon dioxide observations reveal spatial and temporal dynamics related to urban characteristics and growth.

Cities are concentrated areas of CO emissions and have become the foci of policies for mitigation actions. However, atmospheric measurement networks suitable for evaluating urban emissions over time are scarce. Here we present a unique long-term (decadal) record of CO mole fractions from five sites across Utah's metropolitan Salt Lake Valley.

Impact of surgical resection extension on outcome for primary well-differentiated thyroid cancer-a retrospective analysis.

Background: The surgical resection extension in well-differentiated thyroid cancer is controversially discussed with the possibility of an overtreatment on the one hand against the risk of local disease recurrence. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the surgical resection extension with the adjunction of radioiodine therapy affects postoperative morbidity and the oncologic outcome of patients primarily treated for well-differentiated thyroid cancer.

Methods: All patients undergoing primary surgery for a well-differentiated, non-recurrent thyroid cancer from January 2005 to April 2013 at Tuebingen University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.

Coupling between Chemical and Meteorological Processes under Persistent Cold-Air Pool Conditions: Evolution of Wintertime PM Pollution Events and NO Observations in Utah's Salt Lake Valley.

The Salt Lake Valley experiences severe fine particulate matter pollution episodes in winter during persistent cold-air pools (PCAPs). We employ measurements throughout an entire winter from different elevations to examine the chemical and dynamical processes driving these episodes. Whereas primary pollutants such as NO and CO were enhanced twofold during PCAPs, O concentrations were approximately threefold lower.

Hypothyroidism during second-line treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a prospective study.

Setting: Hypothyroidism is an adverse effect of certain anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Design: This is a prospective study of the frequency and possible pathomechanisms associated with hypothyroidism due to second-line treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Fifty human immunodeficiency virus negative patients and 20 controls were included.

Nodal Clearance Rate and Long-Term Efficacy of Individualized Sentinel Node-Based Pelvic Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for High-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of individual sentinel node (SN)-guided pelvic intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) by determining nodal clearance rate [(n expected nodal involvement - n observed regional recurrences)/n expected nodal involvement] in comparison with surgically staged patients.

Methods And Materials: Data on 475 high-risk prostate cancer patients were examined. Sixty-one consecutive patients received pelvic SN-based IMRT (5 × 1.

Vapor hydrogen and oxygen isotopes reflect water of combustion in the urban atmosphere.

Anthropogenic modification of the water cycle involves a diversity of processes, many of which have been studied intensively using models and observations. Effective tools for measuring the contribution and fate of combustion-derived water vapor in the atmosphere are lacking, however, and this flux has received relatively little attention. We provide theoretical estimates and a first set of measurements demonstrating that water of combustion is characterized by a distinctive combination of H and O isotope ratios.

11C-methionine PET/CT after inconclusive 99mTc-MIBI-SPECT/CT for localisation of parathyroid adenomas in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of PET/CT with 11C-methionine for localizing parathyroid adenomas in patients with suspected primary hyperparathyroidism and inconclusive results of cervical ultrasonography and 99mTc-MIBI-SPECT/CT.

Patients, Method: Retrospective analysis of imaging data of 18 patients and correlation with clinical outcome, in particular intraoperative findings and histopathology of excised tissue.

Results: 12 of 18 patients received surgery.

[Bone scintigraphy. German Guideline S1].

The purpose of this guideline is to provide comprehensive state-of-the-art information about indication and how to perform and analyze bone scintigraphy. Based upon pathophysiology and pharmacology current acquisition techniques including new methodologies are summarized followed by a detailed list of indications. In the main part all relevant practical aspects such as patient preparation, anamnestic information, appropriate choice and dosage of the radiopharmaceutical, and data acquisition including interventions are discussed.

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy of neuroendocrine tumors with (90)Y-DOTATOC: is treatment response predictable by pre-therapeutic uptake of (68)Ga-DOTATOC?

Purpose: PET with (68)Ga-DOTATOC allows for imaging and quantitative assessment of somatostatin receptor expression in neuroendocrine tumors (NET). The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze whether pre-therapeutic (68)Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT is able to predict response to Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT).

Patients And Methods: Forty patients with advanced stage NET were treated with a fixed dose of (90)Y-DOTATOC (5550 or 3700MBq).

Systemic IgG4-related sclerosing disease: spectrum of imaging findings and differential diagnosis.

Objective: The purposes of this article are to provide a practical review of the spectrum of imaging findings in patients with systemic IgG4-related sclerosing disease and to address the differential diagnoses.

Conclusion: IgG4-related sclerosing disease is a systemic disorder that can involve almost any organ. The imaging findings consist of diffuse and focal organ infiltration and encasement by inflammatory and fibrotic tissue.

Expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 associates with tumour staging and clinical outcome in differentiated thyroid carcinomas.

Objective: Although the prognosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is excellent, with 10-year survival rates of about 90%, about one-third of patients experiences recurrent disease. We aimed to identify novel histological prognostic factors to optimize treatment and follow-up of patients at risks.

Design: Retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed from January 1990 to March 2004.

Modern imaging techniques during therapy in patients with multiple myeloma.

Imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma have evolved and most of them are also suitable for either early or mid-term monitoring of response to novel antimyeloma therapy. This pictorial essay focuses on modern imaging techniques for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with multiple myeloma in order to highlight their individual strengths and limitations. Also, the impact of recently established modern pharmaceutical therapy, like anti-angiogenic medication, on the tumor is addressed.

Follow-up of acute osteomyelitis in children: the possible role of PET/CT in selected cases.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or scintigraphy are commonly used for follow-up in children after treatment of acute osteomyelitis. Regularly, post-treatment imaging reveals pathological findings even if serum inflammatory parameters and clinical presentation are normal. We analyzed combined positron emission tomography and multislice computed tomography (PET/CT) for this condition.

Accuracy of parathyroid imaging: a comparison of planar scintigraphy, SPECT, SPECT-CT, and C-11 methionine PET for the detection of parathyroid adenomas and glandular hyperplasia.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of planar scintigraphy, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), SPECT-CT, and positron emission tomography (PET) with C-11 methionine for the pre-operative detection of parathyroid adenomas.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the pre-operative studies of 60 patients with primary (n=56) and secondary (n=4) hyperparathyroidism. In 25/60 patients (Group 1), only planar scans were obtained, and additional SPECT and SPECT-CT were carried out in 35/60 patients (Group 2).

Multimodal imaging in functional endocrine pancreatic tumors.

Endocrine pancreatic tumors, also known as pancreatic islet tumors, are rare entities of neuroendocrine origin that are located within the pancreas or in its close proximity. Approximately 50% of these tumors secrete biologically active substances that lead to the development of specific clinical syndromes. Once diagnosis has been established on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings, localization of the source of pathologic hormone secretion is warranted.