Vitamin D and gut microbiome in preterm infants.

Background: The incidence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women remains high and is associated with vitamin D deficiency in infants. In normally breastfed infants, Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae are known to help in maintaining immunotolerance and prevent infection. Vitamin D in the gastrointestinal tract plays a role in determining the composition and function of intestinal bacteria.

Prediction Models for HIV Infection in Infants: Analysis of Scoring Systems on Maternal, Infants, and Mode of Delivery Risk Factors.

Background: Diagnosis for HIV in infants is hard to determine, particularly in limited-resource areas. A delay in the diagnosis of HIV-infected infants will lead to high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this project is to construct a model of an HIV-positive infant and develop a useful and practical scoring system to estimate the likelihood of mother-to-child transmission that can be applied in the field.

Hearing instability and abnormal auditory pathways in infants with congenital cytomegalovirus infection: An audiological and radiological single-centre prospective cohort analysis.

Introduction: This prospective cohort study aims to investigate the hearing dynamics and the changes in the central auditory pathways in infants with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection.

Materials And Methods: cCMV-infected neonates aged ≤3 weeks old were recruited and underwent clinical and laboratory tests to detect viremia and symptomatic infection, hearing examinations at three and six months of age, and radiological imaging of brain auditory pathways using diffusion tensor imaging.

Results: From 26 eligible infants (52 ears), we detected symptomatic infection in nine (34.

Comparison of Global Longitudinal Strain in Dual-chamber versus Ventricular Pacemaker in Complete Heart Block.

Context: Bradycardia caused by total atrioventricular block (TAVB) is treated by implantation of permanent pacemakers (PPMs) in either dual-chamber (DDD) versus ventricular (VVI) pacing modes. DDD is considered a more physiological pacing mode than VVI as it avoids atrioventricular dyssynchrony. However, previous trials have failed to demonstrate the superiority of DDD in improving quality of life and morbidity.

Risk factors of prolonged diarrhea in children under 2 years old.

Background: Prolonged diarrhea, defined as diarrhea lasting longer than 7 days, is known to negatively impact children's growth and development. However, studies of the risk factors of prolonged diarrhea remain limited.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for prolonged diarrhea in children under 2 years of age with acute diarrhea.

Efficacy of LL-37 cream in enhancing healing of diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized double-blind controlled trial.

Wound healing in DFU (diabetic foot ulcer) has prolonged inflammation phase and defective granulation tissue formation. LL-37 has antimicrobial property, induces angiogenesis, and keratinocyte migration and proliferation. This study analyzes the efficacy of LL-37 cream in enhancing wound healing rate and decreasing the levels of IL-1α, TNF-α, and the number of aerobic bacteria colonization in DFU with mild infection.

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in Sleep-Disordered Breathing Patients.

Introduction: Our study aims to evaluate the distribution of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) via the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and to describe the sleep architecture in SDB patients with and without LPR.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted. Patients with SDB were identified via the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and STOP-BANG questionnaire; they were then screened with the RSI and physical examination for LPR.

The contribution of nutrition and quality of sleep and happiness in under-five-year-old children.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the relation between happiness perception of children and quality of sleep, appetite, dietary intake and nutritional status.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluating happiness, quality of sleep, appetite, dietary intake and nutritional status in 296 Indonesian children less than five-years of age.

Results: There was no significant difference on perceived happiness between urban and rural areas (P = 0.

Altered Resting-State Network in Adolescents with Problematic Internet Use.

Problematic internet use (PIU) is increasingly recognized as a mental health concern, particularly among adolescents. The resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the triple-network model has been described inconsistently in PIU. Using resting-state fMRI (rsFMRI) and hypothesizing a lower rsFC between default mode (DMN) and central executive networks (CEN) but a higher rsFC within the salience network (SN), this study scrutinized the neural substrates of PIU adolescents.

Increased vegetable intake improves glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clustered randomised clinical trial among Indonesian white-collar workers.

Dietary patterns high in fibre and green leafy vegetables have shown an inverse association with lower risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus and improved glycaemic control. The study aimed to investigate the effects of increased vegetable intake and conventional diabetes diet on glycaemic control among type 2 diabetic patients. White-collar workers from one telecommunication company with type 2 diabetes were assigned to two treatment groups by cluster randomisation.

Invasive candidiasis among high prevalence neurological patients.

Introduction: Invasive candidiasis is a severe form of infection. The incidence of invasive fungal infections has increased, due to the increasing number of patients with impaired immunity who are being treated through prolonged stay in hospital facilities. Neurological patient treatment methods such as antimicrobials, corticosteroid, central venous catheter (CVC), total parenteral nutrition, and mechanical ventilation use are associated with common risk factors for invasive candidiasis.

Association between laryngopharyngeal reflux and obstructive sleep apnea in adults.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) have been found to coexist in the population. OSAS and LPR also share obesity as an important risk factor. However, the relationship between LPR and OSAS remains unclear.

A Life Course Approach to the Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Indonesia.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has a long-term impact on each life stage and remains worldwide a major public health problem. Eleven experts were invited to participate in a virtual meeting to discuss the present situation and the available intervention to prevent iron deficiency anemia in Indonesia. The experts consisted of obstetric gynecologists, pediatricians, nutritionists, midwives, a clinical psychologist, and an education expert.

Upright epiglottis prevents aspiration in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma post-chemoradiation.

NPC is the most widely found malignant tumor in the head and neck region in Indonesia. Chemoradiation therapy for NPC can induce swallowing disorders (dysphagia) that adversely affects a patients quality of life. This study aimed to assess the swallowing process by flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after chemoradiation.

Self-confidence in conducting forensic psychiatric evaluations among general psychiatrists in Indonesia.

Objective: Several general psychiatrists experience lack of confidence when they perform forensic psychiatric evaluations that may be due to limited or insufficient training. This study aimed to determine whether structured forensic psychiatry educational modules are associated with general psychiatrists' self-confidence in conducting forensic psychiatric evaluations in Indonesia.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 246 general psychiatrists.

Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients Using Combined Use of Platelet Rich Fibrin and Hyaluronic Acid, Platelet Rich Fibrin and Placebo: An Open Label, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Autologous platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) is an adjunctive method for diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in addition to glycaemic control and debridement. This study aimed to evaluate the role of A-PRF + hyaluronic acid (HA), A-PRF and sodium chloride 0.9% (control) in DFU wound healing.

The role of VEGF, PDGF and IL-6 on diabetic foot ulcer after Platelet Rich Fibrin + hyaluronic therapy.

Background: Current standard management of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) consists of surgical debridement followed by soak NaCl 0.9% gauzes tight infection and glycaemic control. Nowadays the use of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) has emerged as an adjunctive method for treating DFUs.

Growth, Dietary Intake, and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Promoter Genotype in Indonesian School-Age Children.

Nutrition has been known as a predominant factor associated with stunting. However, some studies have discovered a genetic contribution in calcium absorption that will affect growth, known as the VDR gene. The aim of this study was to assess the association between VDR gene polymorphism and dietary intake towards height-for-age z-score (HAZ) of elementary school children in Malang District, East Java.

Satisfaction and health-related quality of life of patients with microtia following reconstructive surgery using the Nagata technique.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the functional outcomes, satisfaction, and quality of life of patients with microtia following reconstructive surgery.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using retrospective data of patients with microtia following reconstructive surgery using the Nagata technique. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients who underwent reconstructive surgery at the Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dr.

Clinical Reasoning in Forensic Psychiatry: Concepts, Processes, and Pitfalls.

Forensic psychiatrists are often sought by the court of law to provide professional opinion on specific legal matters that have a major impact on the evaluee and possibly society at large. The quality of that opinion and recommendations rely on the quality of the analysis from the assessment results conducted by the psychiatrist. However, the definition and scope of a forensic psychiatric analysis is not clear.

Dietary Determinants of Anemia in Children Aged 6-36 Months: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia.

Anemia has been acknowledged as worldwide problem, including in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study aims to explore dietary determinants as risk factors for anemia in children aged 6-36 months living in a poor urban area of Jakarta. The study was done in Kampung Melayu sub-district in Jakarta, Indonesia.