Aerobic high-intensity intervals improve V̇O more than supramaximal sprint intervals in females, similar to males.

Introduction: Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O ) is a pivotal factor for aerobic endurance performance. Recently, aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was documented to be superior to sprint interval training (SIT) in improving V̇O in well-trained males. However, as mounting evidence suggests that physiological responses to training are sex-dependent, examining the effects of HIIT versus SIT on V̇O , anaerobic capacity, and endurance performance in females is warranted.