Active skeletal muscle metabolism and tension production: the influence of biopsies.

The influence of repeated sampling by the biopsy technique on skeletal muscle's metabolic and force-output responses was studied using the in situ canine gastrocnemius preparation. The left muscle was stimulated (8 V, 0.2 ms) for 1 h at 3 Hz.

Correlates of knee pain among US adults with and without radiographic knee osteoarthritis.

We examined the associations of sociodemographic variables, health behaviors, health status and psychological well being with radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and self-reported knee pain for 4056 US adults aged 45-74 years. Among persons with or without knee OA known correlates of radiographic knee OA (age, sex, race, obesity) were generally not associated with knee pain. Radiographic severity, psychological well being and health status were associated with knee pain, both among persons with and without radiographic knee OA, suggesting that nonradiographic correlates of self-reported knee pain are independent of whether a person has radiographic knee OA.

Differences between VO2 maxima of twitch and tetanic contractions are related to blood flow.

The purpose of this investigation was to compare oxygen uptake (VO2) and fatigue characteristics of isotonic tetanic contractions with those observed during isotonic twitches in dog gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle. Tetanic contractions (1/s, 200-ms trains of 50 impulses/s) elicited a peak VO2 of 9.01 +/- 0.

Free radicals may contribute to oxidative skeletal muscle fatigue.

We used mouse soleus in vitro (n = 30) and canine gastrocnemius-plantaris preparations (n = 20) pump-perfused at the animal's blood pressure to establish if free radicals contribute to fatigue in oxidative skeletal muscle. The soleus from each leg contracted for 200 ms (70 Hz) once every minute for 60 min in Hepes buffer gassed with 100% oxygen at 27 degrees C. When contracting in Hepes alone, both muscles fatigued at 0.

Automated separation for heterogeneous immunoassays.

Beside general requirements for modern automated systems, immunoassay automation involves specific requirements as a separation step for heterogeneous immunoassays. Systems are designed according to the solid phase selected: dedicated or open robots for coated tubes and wells, systems nearly similar to chemistry analysers in the case of magnetic particles, and a completely original design for those using porous and film materials.

A comparison of midazolam with and without nalbuphine for intravenous sedation.

The introduction of nalbuphine to intravenous sedation with midazolam added little to the quality of sedation for short operative procedures. There was a greater tendency for patients who received nalbuphine and midazolam to sleep in the afternoon after treatment compared with those who received only midazolam. Significantly more patients had nausea and vomiting in the midazolam/nalbuphine group than did patients in the midazolam-only group.

Effect of acidosis on skeletal muscle metabolism with and without propranolol.

Does the stimulatory effect of circulating catecholamines counteract the inhibitory effect of acidosis on skeletal muscle metabolism? To investigate this possibility, we studied gastrocnemii in dogs breathing either air (n = 10) or 4% carbon dioxide in air (n = 10) at rest and during contractions. In five dogs from each group, we infused propranolol into the arterial supply of the right and left muscles for 40 min. After 30 min of infusion, the left muscle was stimulated at 3 Hz for 10 min.

Antibiotics revisited.

The choice of an antibiotic for the management of an acute dental infection should be made from a relatively small range of agents. There is little evidence for prescribing the newer, more expensive, wide-spectrum, antibiotics. Failure to respond to therapy is usually due to inadequacy of dose, or failure to eliminate aggravating factors.

Hypothesis: local vascular regulation is a key to flow limited muscle function.

The ability of canine oxidative skeletal muscle in situ to maintain developed isometric force is flow limited during twitch contractions at greater than 3 Hz. This limitation implies a mismatching of blood flow and the metabolic rate. The blood flow past a muscle cell is determined by the number of capillaries per fibre, the vascular conductance, the capillaries perfused and vascular autoregulation.

Effects of ischemic and hypoxic hypoxia on VO2 and lactic acid output during tetanic contractions.

We measured O2 uptake (VO2), CO2 output (VCO2), and net lactic acid output (L) during a 30-min period of repetitive 1/s isotonic tetanic contractions of the dog gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle group. The conditions were modest ischemic hypoxia (ischemia), hypoxia hypoxia (hypoxia), and free-flow normoxia (control). The major goal was to assess the effects of these perturbations on L during contractions.

Oxidation/reduction state of cytochrome oxidase during repetitive contractions.

There is disagreement regarding whether inadequate O2 determines maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) and lactic acid output (L) during muscular activity. Direct assessment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (cytochrome a-a3) oxidation/reduction (O/R) state should provide an unequivocal answer for this issue. A new near-infrared spectrophotometric method was used to measure the O/R state of cytochrome a-a3 of dog gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle in situ during repetitive isotonic twitch and tetanic contractions.

Facial abscess: a case report.

This report describes a patient with a migratory abscess as a sequel to the surgical removal of a mandibular third molar tooth. Culture of pus drained from the abscess revealed no growth, probably because of previous management with antibiotics.

Physiological determinants of Qmax in contracting canine skeletal muscle in situ.

Canine skeletal muscle preparations in situ contain varying mixtures of fast and slow fatigue resistant fibers. All vessels on the arterial side of the vascular bed in these preparations from the conduit arteries to the arterioles contribute to the vascular resistance. The vascular beds autoregulate at rest and during contractions, indicating that the effects of the surgery are minimal.

Effects of ischemia on VO2, tension, and vascular resistance in contracting canine skeletal muscle.

This study examined the changes in O2 consumption (VO2), vascular resistance, and tension development during skeletal muscle contractions at reduced flow. We tested the hypothesis that when VO2 is limited by O2 supply, the skeletal muscle vasculature is not maximally dilated because of the fall in contractile force that accompanies the decrease in O2 supply. During 30 min of ischemic contractions, tension fell by 45 +/- 4% and VO2 fell 54 +/- 1% from preischemic levels.

Double alkylating agent therapy with ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. From the Manchester Lung Tumour Group.

Forty-five patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with progressive inoperable tumors were treated. Twenty-three patients were of "limited" stage. Six patients had received previous thoracic radiotherapy.

Hyperoxia, mitochondrial redox state, and lactate metabolism of in situ canine muscle.

The effect of hyperoxia on lactate production and release and the mitochondrial NAD+-to-NADH ratio was studied in the in situ canine gastrocnemius to determine whether elevated PO2 altered metabolic regulation. Dogs breathed either air (21% O2) [arterial O2 partial pressure (PaO2) 90 mmHg; n = 8] or hyperoxia (100% O2) (PaO2 546 mmHg; n = 8). The left muscle was stimulated for 10 min at 3 Hz and then both right and left muscles were quick frozen in N2.

Root in the maxillary sinus.

The accidental displacement of a root into the maxillary sinus is a recognized complication of exodontia. Such roots should normally be removed early rather than late in order to minimize the likelihood of maxillary sinus complications. A root left within the maxillary sinus may, on occasion, pass spontaneously into the nose.

The Strelau Temperament Inventory as a broad classification system.

The Strelau Temperament Inventory (STI) is an instrument designed by Jan Strelau to measure broad characteristics of the central nervous system. In a study reported here an American version of it was administered to a group of introductory psychology students, along with the 16PF test and an adjective check list. The findings of this study suggests that the STI does measure high and low reactivity in individuals and may have potential uses for the classification of temperament characteristics in individuals, particularly as a process of determining appropriate learning or behavioral strategies designed to enhance learning.

Carbonic anhydrase III inhibition in normocapnic and hypercapnic contracting mouse soleus.

The physiological role of carbonic anhydrase III in slow-twitch skeletal muscle was investigated using isolated mouse soleus (N = 30) contracting once every 1.7 min for 75 min in Krebs-Henseleit solution gassed with either 95% oxygen - 5% carbon dioxide (normocapnia) or 90% oxygen - 10% carbon dioxide (hypercapnia). Each contraction was 500 ms in duration at 50 Hz.