A case of hemichorea associated with nonketotic hyperglycaemia: A new magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) finding and possible future implications.

Background: Diabetic Striatopathy (DS) is a rare complication of a poor-controlled Diabetes Mellitus consisting of sudden onset of movement disorders. To date, there is still poor knowledge about the pathogenesis.

Case: We describe a 79 year old men affected by sudden onset hemichoreic movements whose cause was a non-ketotic hyperglycaemia diagnosed despite the normal blood glucose levels thanks to brain CT and magnetic resonance imaging.

Negative Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prostate Cancer: What's Next?

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate has excellent sensitivity in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Nevertheless, the clinical utility of negative mpMRI (nMRI) is less clear.

Objective: To assess outcomes of men with nMRI and clinical follow-up after 7 yr of activity at a reference center.

Improving Staging in Bladder Cancer: The Increasing Role of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Context: In bladder cancer (BCa) patients, accurate local and regional tumor staging is required when planning treatment. Clinical understaging frequently occurs and leads to undertreatment of the disease, with a negative impact on survival. An improvement in staging accuracy could be attained by advances in imaging.

Unenhanced whole-body MRI versus PET-CT for the detection of prostate cancer metastases after primary treatment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of unenhanced whole-body MRI, including whole-body Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), used as a diagnostic modality to detect  pathologic lymph nodes and skeletal metastases in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing restaging after primary treatment.

Patients And Methods: 152 male patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) underwent MRI at a 1.5 Tesla magnet with whole spinal sagittal T2-weighted, sagittal T1-weighted, sagittal STIR images, axial T1 and T2-weighted and STIR images of the pelvis and whole-body.

Magnetic resonance imaging for localization of prostate cancer in the setting of biochemical recurrence.

The clinical suspicion of local recurrence of prostate cancer after radical treatment is based on the onset of biochemical failure. The use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prostate cancer has increased over recent years, mainly for detection, staging, and active surveillance. However, suspicion of recurrence in the set of biochemical failure is becoming a significant reason for clinicians to request multiparametric MRI.

Pitfalls in Interpreting mp-MRI of the Prostate: A Pictorial Review with Pathologic Correlation.

Objectives: The purpose of this pictorial review is to present a wide spectrum of prostate multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) pitfalls that may occur in clinical practice, with radiological and pathological correlation.

Methods: All examinations were performed according to ESUR Guidelines protocols.

Results And Conclusion: mp-MRI imaging of the prostate often leads to interpreting doubts and misdiagnosis due to the many interpretative pitfalls that a tissue, whether healthy or treated, may cause.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy.

Aims: To evaluate the utility of a multiparametric 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study using diffusion-weighted images (DWI) for the assessment of prostate cancer before and after radiotherapy (RT).

Methods: A total of 34 patients, who received a histologic diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma, underwent MRI examination before and after local RT for the assessment of response to treatment. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated and compared.

Preoperative staging of colorectal cancer using virtual colonoscopy: correlation with surgical results.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of computed tomography colonography (CTC) in the preoperative staging in patients with abdominal pain for occlusive colorectal cancer (CRC) and to compare the results of CTC with the surgical ones.

Patients And Methods: 127 patients with abdominal pain, iron deficiency anemia and occlusive CRC underwent a CTC examination in prone position without intravenous contrast agent and in prone position after administration of intravenous contrast medium. All the patients underwent surgery after CTC.

Imaging biomarkers in prostate cancer: role of PET/CT and MRI.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is currently the most widely used biomarker of prostate cancer (PCa). PSA suggests the presence of primary tumour and disease relapse after treatment, but it is not able to provide a clear distinction between locoregional and distant disease. Molecular and functional imaging, that are able to provide a detailed and comprehensive overview of PCa extension, are more reliable tools for primary tumour detection and disease extension assessment both in staging and restaging.

MR imaging-guided prostate biopsy: technical features and preliminary results.

Purpose: Repeatedly negative prostate biopsies in individuals with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels can be frustrating for both the patient and the urologist. This study was performed to investigate if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided transrectal biopsy (MRGB) increases diagnostic performance in individuals with suspected prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-three consecutive men with a total PSA >4 ng/mL, PSA density >0.

Multiple metastases of soft tissue visualized by technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy: a case report.

Introduction: Lungs and liver are the most common sites of colorectal cancer metastases after regional lymph nodes, but metastases to unusual sites are reported. Heterotopic bone formation in soft tissues from colorectal cancer is a rare metastatic occurrence.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 29-year-old Caucasian man affected by colon adenocarcinoma with multiple soft tissue metastases visualized by magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scan and scintigraphic bone scan.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging vs. standard care in men being evaluated for prostate cancer: a randomized study.

Objectives: To assess whether the proportion of men with clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa) is higher among men randomized to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI)/biopsy vs. those randomized to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy.

Methods: In total, 1,140 patients with symptoms highly suggestive of PCa were enrolled and divided in 2 groups of 570 patients to follow 2 different diagnostic algorithms.

Static and dynamic MR imaging in the evaluation of temporomandibular disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study is to prove if dynamic HASTE (half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo) sequences can be used in the diagnosis of internal derangement disorders of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) as an alternative to static proton density (PD) weighted/turbo spin echo (TSE) T2-weighted sequences which are considered up to now as the gold standard in the evaluation of TMJ disorders (TMDs).

Patients And Methods: 194 patients for a total of 388 TMJs were examined with a 1.5 Tesla field strength superconducting magnet.

The role of 3 Tesla diffusion-weighted imaging in the differential diagnosis of benign versus malignant cervical lymph nodes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at 3 Tesla in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant laterocervical lymph nodes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Materials And Methods: Before undergoing surgery, 80 patients, with biopsy proven HNSCC, underwent a magnetic resonance exam. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Spe) of conventional criteria and DWI in detecting laterocervical lymph node metastases were calculated.

Multiparametric MRI for recurrent prostate cancer post radical prostatectomy and postradiation therapy.

The clinical suspicion of local recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy (RP) and after radiation therapy (RT) is based on the onset of biochemical failure. The aim of this paper was to review the current role of multiparametric-MRI (mp-MRI) in the detection of locoregional recurrence. A systematic literature search using the Medline and Cochrane Library databases was performed from January 1995 up to November 2013.

3.0 Tesla MRI in the early evaluation of inferior alveolar nerve neurological complications after mandibular third molar extraction: a prospective study.

Objectives: To evaluate the use of 3.0 T MRI in the prognosis of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) sensory disorders after mandibular third molar extraction, in the early post-operative period.

Methods: 343 IANs were examined before and 3 days after surgery.

Primary colonic lymphoma: An incidental finding in a patient with a gallstone attack.

We report a case of primary colonic lymphoma incidentally diagnosed in a patient presenting a gallbladder attack making particular attention on the diagnostic findings at ultrasound (US) and total body computed tomography (CT) exams that allowed us to make the correct final diagnosis. A 85-year-old Caucasian male patient was referred to our department due to acute pain at the upper right quadrant, spreaded to the right shoulder blade. Patient had nausea and mild fever and Murphy's maneuver was positive.

Densitometric kneecap changes after unilateral knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: To assess bone density of kneecaps in subjects with femoro-tibial prosthesis before and after surgery by means of DEXA examination.

Subjects And Methods: We examined 34 patients with unilateral femoro-tibial prosthesis, 20 healthy subjects of the same age and non-carriers of knee replacement and 14 healthy young adult subjects. All the data sets were analysed by two radiologists (AS and AM).

Advanced imaging for the early diagnosis of local recurrence prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

Currently the diagnosis of local recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy (RT) is based on the onset of biochemical failure which is defined by two consecutive values of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) higher than 0.2 ng/mL. The aim of this paper was to review the current roles of advanced imaging in the detection of locoregional recurrence.

Comparing proton density and turbo spin echo T2 weighted static sequences with dynamic half-Fourier single-shot TSE pulse sequence at 3.0 T in diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders: a prospective study.

Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to compare dynamic and static sequences in the evaluation of temporomandibular joint disorders using a 3.0 -T imaging unit.

Methods: 194 patients were evaluated by static (double echo proton density weighted/turbo spin echo T2 weighted sequences) and dynamic (half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin echo sequences)imaging.

High resolution 3-T MR imaging in the evaluation of the facial nerve course.

Objectives: To assess the value of 3-Tesla (3-T) MR imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of the course of the intracranial and extra-cranial tracts of the facial nerve.

Patients And Methods: 83 patients were studied by MRI in order to detect the course of facial nerve; a total of 166 facial nerves were examined. T2-weighted 3D Fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) and T1-weighted Fast spoiled gradient recalled echo (fast SPRG) sequences were used.

High resolution 3-T MR imaging in the evaluation of the trigeminal nerve course.

Background: The evaluation of the trigeminal course and his anatomical relationships with surrounding structures, is important for the assessment of the injury that may occur in tumors and several orofacial trauma and for avoiding the damage during surgeries.

Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the use of 3-T MRI in the evaluation of the course of the four segments of the trigeminal nerve: cisternal and Meckels's cave, cavernous sinus, skull base and mandibular extracranial segments.

Patients And Methods: 78 patients were studied, for a total of 156 trigeminal nerves examined.

Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome: value of MRI in the differential diagnosis.

Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage is a rare potentially life-threatening event that occurs either in traumatic or nontraumatic conditions. The diagnosis is often complicated by its nonspecific presentation and its tendency to intervene in stressful critical illnesses. Due to many disorders in platelet function, hemorrhage is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients affected by myeloproliferative diseases.

Incidental discovery of testicular microlithiasis: what is the importance of ultrasound surveillance? Two case reports.

Many studies have demonstrated an association between diffuse bilateral testicular microlithiasis (TM) and gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumors. Nevertheless, it is still uncertain whether ultrasound surveillance is really necessary in patients with TM in the absence of other risk factors such as previous testicular cancer, a history of cryptorchidism or testicular atrophy. We report the cases of a 33- and a 39-year-old man presenting with a retroperitoneal extragonadal tumor.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the early evaluation of anti-angiogenic therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (DCE-MR) in the response to anti-angiogenic-targeted agents in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC).

Patients And Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive patients with sub-diaphragmatic metastases from mRCC were included in the protocol after signed informed consent. Baseline characteristics were collected and patients were first evaluated with a baseline computed tomography (CT) and DCE-MR, subsequently with a new DCE-MRI after 28 days of therapy and followed-up with CT until progression.