Exosomal mRNA Signatures as Predictive Biomarkers for Risk and Age of Onset in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. While the precise causes of AD remain unclear, emerging evidence suggests that messenger RNA (mRNA) dysregulation contributes to AD pathology and risk. This study examined exosomal mRNA expression profiles of 15 individuals diagnosed with AD and 15 healthy controls from Barranquilla, Colombia.

Environmental effects on abundance and size of harvested bivalve populations in intertidal shellfish grounds.

Clams, razor clams and cockle are intertidal bivalve species collected on foot in the shellfish grounds of the Rías Altas (NW Spain). Spatio-temporal distribution of these bivalves are typically at the expenses of the environmental conditions of the region; however, the responses to the abiotic conditions are poorly understood. Using data from 6 species (Ruditapes decussatus, Venerupis corrugata, Ruditapes philippinarum, Cerastoderam edule, Donax trunculus and Solen marginatus) sampled in 51 intertidal shellfish grounds during 2007 and 2008, we characterized the influence of the environment (temperature, salinity, nutrient salts, suspended organic matter, or sediment granulometry and composition) on the distribution and size of these species through a comparative statistical analysis.

Long Non-Coding RNAs and Alzheimer's Disease: Towards Personalized Diagnosis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, is the most common form of dementia. Currently, there is no single test that can diagnose AD, especially in understudied populations and developing countries. Instead, diagnosis is based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, cognitive testing, and brain imaging.

Real-time application and modelling of the NO-sorption reaction on a particulate calcium carbonate surface-flow filter exposed to combustion exhaust.

Of major interest, especially in city environments, and increasingly inside vehicles or industrial plants, is the drive to reduce human exposure to nitrogen oxides (NO). This trend has drawn increasing attention to filtration, which has developed remarkably owing to the capabilities of recently developed mathematical models and novel filter concepts. This paper reports on the study of the kinetic modelling of adsorption of nitrogen dioxide (NO), collected from the tailpipe of a diesel engine, reacting to calcium nitrate salt (Ca(NO)) on a surface flow filter consisting of a coating of fine ground limestone or marble (CaCO) in combination with micro-nanofibrillated cellulose (MNFC) acting as binder and humectant applied onto a multiply recycled newsprint substrate.

Micro Nanofibrillated Cellulose as Functional Additive Supporting Processability of Surface-Active Mineral Suspensions: Exemplified by Pixel Coating of an NO-Sorbent Layer.

Unlike established coating formulations, functional particulate coatings often demand the omission of polymer dispersant so as to retain surface functionality. This results in heterogeneous complex rheology. We take an example from a novel development for an NO mitigation surface flow filter system, in which ground calcium carbonate (GCC), applied in a coating, reacts with NO releasing CO.

Sacubitril/valsartan affects pulmonary arterial pressure in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and pulmonary hypertension.

Aims: Prior studies have not fully characterized the haemodynamic effects of the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and pulmonary hypertension (HFpEF-PH). The aim of the Treatment of PH With Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker and Neprilysin Inhibitor in HFpEF Patients With CardioMEMS Device (ARNIMEMS-HFpEF) study is to assess pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) dynamics by means of implanted PAP monitors in patients with HFpEF-PH treated with sacubitril/valsartan.

Methods And Results: This single-arm, investigator-initiated, interventional study included 14 consecutive ambulatory symptomatic HFpEF-PH patients who underwent CardioMEMS implantation prior to enrolment [mean ejection fraction 60.

Two sides of the same coin: ADHD affects reactive but not proactive inhibition in children.

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present a deficit in inhibitory control. Still, it remains unclear whether it comes from a deficit in reactive inhibition (ability to stop the action in progress), proactive inhibition (ability to exert preparatory control), or both.We compared the performance of 39 children with ADHD and 42 typically developing children performing a Simon choice reaction time task.

Working Group Recommendations for the Practice of Teleneuropsychology in Latin America.

Objective: Teleneuropsychology (teleNP) could potentially expand access to services for patients who are confined, have limited personal access to healthcare, or live in remote areas. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the use of teleNP for cognitive assessments. The main objective of these recommendations is to identify which procedures can be potentially best adapted to the practice of teleNP in Latin America, and thereby facilitate professional decision-making in the region.

Modification of CaCO and CaCO pin-coated cellulose paper under supercritical carbon dioxide-ethanol mixture for enhanced NO capture.

In this work, we examine two modifications of fine-ground calcium carbonate material (GCC) in order to enhanced sorption of NO and subsequent reaction properties toward NO/NO formation by firstly exposing the GCC to supercritical (sc) CO in order to increase particle surface area, a choice specifically made to avoid altering the surface chemistry, and secondly considering the potential advantage of using a surface coupling agent toward NO. The modification by the coupling agent amino silane (AMEO silane) was applied in a supercritical CO-ethanol mixture. The samples were characterised before and after modification by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), specific surface area determination (BET nitrogen adsorption), ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and ion chromatography to reveal the effects of the surface modification(s) on the morphology, surface textural properties and sorption versus reaction properties with NO.

Exosomes: Potential Disease Biomarkers and New Therapeutic Targets.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by cells, both constitutively and after cell activation, and are present in different types of biological fluid. Exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, pregnancy disorders and cardiovascular diseases, and have emerged as potential non-invasive biomarkers for the detection, prognosis and therapeutics of a myriad of diseases. In this review, we describe recent advances related to the regulatory mechanisms of exosome biogenesis, release and molecular composition, as well as their role in health and disease, and their potential use as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

How Is Temporal Processing Affected in Children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder?

We compared the performance of children with ADHD and typically developing children on two temporal tasks, a bisection task and a reproduction task, in auditory and visual modalities. Children with ADHD presented a larger variability when performing auditory and visual temporal tasks. Moreover, they overestimated the durations in bisection tasks and underproduced duration intervals in the visual reproduction task.

Usefulness of Discriminability and Response Bias Indices for the Evaluation of Recognition Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease.

Background: Most studies examining episodic memory in Alzheimer disease (AD) have focused on patients' impaired ability to remember information. This approach provides only a partial picture of memory deficits since other factors involved are not considered.

Objective: To evaluate the recognition memory performance by using a yes/no procedure to examine the effect of discriminability and response bias measures in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI), AD dementia, and normal-aging subjects.

Validation of the Argentine version of the Memory Binding Test (MBT) for Early Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: "Forgetfulness" is frequent in normal aging and characteristic of the early stages of dementia syndromes. The episodic memory test is central for detecting amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The Memory Binding Test (MBT) is a simple, easy and brief memory test to detect the early stage of episodic memory impairment.

A prospective multicenter study of the effect of patient education on acceptability of generic prescribing in general practice.

The purpose of the study was to assess patients' acceptability of the substitution of brand-name drugs for generic drugs in the primary health care prescribing practices for chronic conditions. A prospective randomised multicentre study was conducted over a 12-month period in which patients taking medications for chronic disorders received an educational intervention on generic drugs at the time they attended different general practices in the city of Barcelona (Spain) for repeat prescribing. Twenty-seven public primary care centres were randomised to the intervention group (eight centres) or the control group (19 centres).

[Acceptance of generic prescribing in general practice: effect of patient education and reference prices].

Aims: To assess patient acceptance of the substitution of brand-name drugs for generic equivalents in the context of repeat prescriptions for chronic diseases.

Methods: A prospective multicenter study of drug use was performed. Of the 31 centers included in the study, 8 were randomized to the intervention group and 23 to the control group.

Familial progressive sensorineural deafness is mainly due to the mtDNA A1555G mutation and is enhanced by treatment of aminoglycosides.

Hearing loss involves both genetic and environmental factors. A mutation (A1555G) in the mtDNA has been associated with aminoglycoside-induced and nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness. The pathological significance of this mutation in Caucasoid families has not been established, and its relationship with antibiotic treatment is not well understood.

[Specificity of CK-MB enzyme in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the postoperative period following non-cardiac surgery].

Objectives: 1) To determine plasma concentrations of creatinphosphokinase-MB (CK-MB) enzyme during non-cardiac surgery for detecting postoperative myocardial infarction or ischemia. 2) To assess the specificity of CK-MB levels for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Patients And Method: Three hundred twenty-eight patients were studied prospectively.

[Peroperative myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemia in non cardiac surgery: prevalence and predictive factors].

Background: The decrease in the prevalence of infarction in the population has not been accompanied by a reduction in postinfarct mortality, particularly in the population segment which does not present major symptoms of coronary disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence and predictive factors of cardiac complications in patients undergoing non cardiac surgery.

Methods: Eight hundred seventy-five patients undergoing elective surgery from May 1990-1991 had some of the following criteria: history of heart disease, major surgery, and medical risk other than cardiac.