Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Reported ADHD Symptoms in Bariatric Patients: Focus on Mood and Anxiety Comorbidity, Disordered Eating, and Temperamental Traits.

Purpose: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. A positive association between ADHD and obesity has been observed, especially in adult samples. In this study, prevalence and correlates of self-reported symptoms indicative of a positive screening for ADHD were examined in patients seeking bariatric treatment.

The function of CozE proteins is linked to lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis in .

Coordinated membrane and cell wall synthesis is vital for maintaining cell integrity and facilitating cell division in bacteria. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin such coordination are poorly understood. Here we uncover the pivotal roles of the staphylococcal proteins CozEa and CozEb, members of a conserved family of membrane proteins previously implicated in bacterial cell division, in the biosynthesis of lipoteichoic acids (LTA) and maintenance of membrane homeostasis in .

The Spx stress regulator confers high-level β-lactam resistance and decreases susceptibility to last-line antibiotics in methicillin-resistant .

Infections caused by methicillin-resistant (MRSA) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. MRSA has acquired resistance to next-generation β-lactam antibiotics through the horizontal acquisition of the resistance gene. Development of high resistance is, however, often associated with additional mutations in a set of chromosomal core genes, known as potentiators, which, through poorly described mechanisms, enhance resistance.

Revisiting stimulant use for emotional dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Introduction: Emotional dysregulation (ED) symptoms are present in a considerable portion of patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In recent years, an increasing number of studies investigated the effects of stimulant medications on ED in patients with ADHD.

Areas Covered: A narrative review of the literature on stimulant treatment for ED is provided, including controlled and observational clinical studies conducted on pediatric and adult samples and neurobiological investigations.

The immunomodulatory effect of lithium as a mechanism of action in bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression alternating with periods of euthymia. Although environmental and genetic factors have been described, their pathogenesis is not fully understood. Much evidence suggests a role for inflammatory mediators and immune dysregulation in the development of BD.

The role of NMDA receptors in bipolar disorder: A systematic review.

Objectives: Glutamatergic transmission and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have been implicated in the pathophysiology schizophrenic spectrum and major depressive disorders. Less is known about the role of NMDARs in bipolar disorder (BD). The present systematic review aimed to investigate the role of NMDARs in BD, along with its possible neurobiological and clinical implications.

A systematic review of manic/hypomanic and depressive switches in patients with bipolar disorder in naturalistic settings: The role of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs.

The present systematic review was aimed at critically summarizing the evidence about treatment-emergent manic/hypomanic and depressive switches during the course of bipolar disorder (BD). A systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycInfo electronic databases was conducted until March 24th, 2021, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Observational studies clearly reporting data regarding the prevalence of treatment-emergent mood switches in patients with BD were considered for inclusion.

The cell cycle of Staphylococcus aureus: An updated review.

As bacteria proliferate, DNA replication, chromosome segregation, cell wall synthesis, and cytokinesis occur concomitantly and need to be tightly regulated and coordinated. Although these cell cycle processes have been studied for decades, several mechanisms remain elusive, specifically in coccus-shaped cells such as Staphylococcus aureus. In recent years, major progress has been made in our understanding of how staphylococci divide, including new, fundamental insights into the mechanisms of cell wall synthesis and division site selection.

Pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder in adults with high-functioning autism.

Introduction: The association between high-functioning autism (HFA) and bipolar disorder (BD) in adult subjects has been confirmed by a growing number of studies. However, identifying and treating BD in this population is a clinical challenge and requires careful assessment and adequate knowledge of both disorders.

Areas Covered: This review aims to provide a clinical presentation of mood episodes in HFA individuals, and an update on the pharmacotherapy of BD in these individuals, sharing with the reader expert opinion on the current state of the art and future perspectives.

Prevalence and psychiatric comorbidities of night-eating behavior in obese bariatric patients: preliminary evidence for a connection between night-eating and bipolar spectrum disorders.

Purpose: The co-occurrence of obesity, eating and mood disorders has been frequently reported in clinical and epidemiological settings. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of night-eating obese patients referred for bariatric surgery and to identify associated psychopathology and psychiatric comorbidity.

Methods: The sample was composed of 121 obese patients consecutively enrolled between November 2010 and May 2012 during psychiatric evaluations for bariatric intervention.

High exposure to pharmacological treatments is associated with limited efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar depression.

Episode chronicity and medication failure are considered robust predictors of poor response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). In this study we explored the associations between indexes of drug exposure during current episode and outcomes of ECT in 168 bipolar depressive patients. The association between response or remission and number of previous pharmacological trials, failure of treatment with antidepressants, antipsychotics or combinations, and sum of maximum Antidepressant Treatment History Form (ATHF) scores obtained in each pharmacological class were tested.

Clinical features and predictors of non-response in severe catatonic patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy.

Objective: To explore the demographic and clinical features of severe catatonic patients, comparing responders and non-responders to ECT in order to detect possible predictors of non-response.

Methods: This naturalistic study included 59 catatonic inpatients with a diagnosis of mood disorder according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. All patients were treated with bilateral ECT and evaluated before and after ECT course.

Treatment adherence and tolerability of immediate- and prolonged-release lithium formulations in a sample of bipolar patients: a prospective naturalistic study.

The aim of this study was to compare treatment adherence and tolerability of different lithium formulations in 70 bipolar patients receiving lithium therapy for the first time. During the 1-year follow-up, information was collected regarding patient's clinical course, therapeutic adherence, side effects of the treatment and serum levels of lithium, creatinine and thyroid-stimulating hormone. At baseline, 30 patients (43%) were on prolonged-release lithium formulations and 40 (57%) on immediate-release formulations.

Prevalence of mood, panic and eating disorders in obese patients referred to bariatric surgery: patterns of comorbidity and relationship with body mass index.

Purpose: We aimed at investigating the lifetime prevalence of mood, eating and panic disorders in a large sample of obese patients referred to bariatric surgery. We also explored the patterns of psychiatric comorbidity and their relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI).

Methods: The sample was composed of patients consecutively referred for pre-surgical evaluation to the Obesity Center of Pisa University Hospital between January 2004 and November 2016.

Mood disorders comorbidity in obese bariatric patients: the role of the emotional dysregulation.

Background: Obese patients seeking bariatric surgery are known to show high rates of mental disorders, mainly mood and eating disorders. The aim of the present study is to evaluate psychiatric comorbidities, affective temperamental dimensions, emotional dysregulation and impulsivity in a sample of obese bariatric patients, exploring the differences between obese patients with and without mood disorders (MD).

Methods: A total of 69 obese patients were consecutively enrolled between March and November 2019 during the presurgical evaluation routinely performed before the bariatric intervention.

Relationships Among Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder, Emotional Dysregulation, and Affective Temperaments in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Cyclothymia.

This study aims to explore the relationships between delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) and emotional dysregulation in 240 patients (134 with cyclothymia, 81 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and 25 with both conditions). DSPD was assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, followed by a clinical evaluation. Affective temperaments and emotional dysregulation were also investigated through the brief version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego and the Reactivity, Intensity, Polarity, Stability questionnaires, respectively.