Quantification methods of are independent irrespective of fungal morphology.

The ability of to switch its morphology from yeast to filaments, known as polymorphism, may bias the methods used in microbial quantification. Here, we compared the quantification methods [cell/mL, colony forming units (CFU)/mL, and the number of nuclei estimated by viability polymerase chain reaction (vPCR)] of three strains of (one reference strain and two clinical isolates) grown as yeast, filaments, and biofilms. Metabolic activity (XTT assay) was also used for biofilms.

DNase improves the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of candidiasis induced with .

The study evaluated the association of DNase I enzyme with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of oral candidiasis in mice infected with fluconazole-susceptible (CaS) and -resistant (CaR) strains. Mice were inoculated with , and after the infection had been established, the tongues were exposed to DNase for 5 min, followed by photosensitizer [Photodithazine(PDZ)] and light (LED), either singly or combined. The treatments were performed for 5 consecutive days.

Antimicrobial peptides grafted onto the surface of N-acetylcysteine-chitosan nanoparticles can revitalize drugs against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases in the World. The search for new antituberculosis drugs is a high priority, since several drug-resistant TB-strains have emerged. Many nanotechnology strategies are being explored to repurpose or revive drugs.

Biocompatibility and inflammatory response of silver tungstate, silver molybdate, and silver vanadate microcrystals.

Silver tungstate (α-AgWO), silver molybdate (β-AgMoO), and silver vanadate (α-AgVO) microcrystals have shown interesting antimicrobial properties. However, their biocompatibility is not yet fully understood. Cytotoxicity and the inflammatory response of silver-containing microcrystals were analyzed in THP-1 and THP-1 differentiated as macrophage-like cells, with the alamarBlue™ assay, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and ELISA.

Antimicrobial peptides as drugs with double response against coinfections in lung cancer.

Tuberculosis and lung cancer are, in many cases, correlated diseases that can be confused because they have similar symptoms. Many meta-analyses have proven that there is a greater chance of developing lung cancer in patients who have active pulmonary tuberculosis. It is, therefore, important to monitor the patient for a long time after recovery and search for combined therapies that can treat both diseases, as well as face the great problem of drug resistance.

Hydrogen peroxide enhances the efficacy of photodynamic therapy against biofilms.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide (HO) combined with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on biofilms formed by strains which are either susceptible to or resistant to fluconazole. Biofilms were grown and treated with HO, followed by the application of Photodithazine® (P) and red light-emitting diode (LED) (L) either separately or combined ( = 12). After the treatment, biofilms were evaluated by estimating colony-forming unit ml, extracellular matrix components [water -soluble and -insoluble polysaccharides, proteins, extracellular DNA (eDNA)], biomass (total and insoluble dry-weight), and protein concentration.

Extracellular lipids of Candida albicans biofilm induce lipid droplet formation and decreased response to a topoisomerase I inhibitor in dysplastic and neoplastic oral cells.

Objective: Some microorganisms, i.e., Candida albicans, have been associated with cancer onset and development, although whether the fungus promotes cancer or whether cancer facilitates the growth of C.

The PCL-1 cyclin is a PHO85-1 (PGOV) kinase partner that directs the complex to glycogen metabolism and is involved in calcium metabolism regulation.

Cyclins are a family of proteins characterized by possessing a cyclin box domain that mediates binding to cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) partners. In this study, the search for a partner cyclin of the PHO85-1 CDK retrieved PCL-1 an ortholog of yeast Pcls (for Pho85 cyclins) that performs functions common to Pcls belonging to different cyclin families. We show here that PCL-1, as a typical cyclin, is involved in cell cycle control and cell progression.

Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of a novel oxovanadium complex with orotate.

The development of new drugs based on metal complexes requires a detailed analysis of their biological endpoints. In this study, we report the genotoxic profile and influence on cell proliferation and death of the oxovanadium(IV) complex with orotic acid ([VO(CHNO)], VO(oro)). Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were the most sensitive tumor cells to VO(oro), which interfered with the integrity of cell membranes and proliferative capacity in a dose-dependent manner, inducing cell death by apoptosis.

Efficacy of the combination of P5 peptide and photodynamic therapy mediated by bixin and chlorin-e6 against Cutibacterium acnes biofilm.

In this study, the action of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) P5 and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by bixin and chlorin-e6 (Ce6) on Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) in planktonic phase and biofilm were evaluated both as monotherapies and combined therapies. Microbial viability after treatments were quantified by colony-forming units per milliliter of the sample (CFU/mL) and have demonstrated that all treatments employed exerted bactericidal activity, reducing the microbial load by more than 3 log CFU/mL, also demonstrating for the first time in the literature the antimicrobial photodynamic effect of bixin that occurs mostly through type I mechanism which was proved by the quantification of superoxide anion production.

Distinct Agents Induce Streptococcus mutans Cells with Altered Biofilm Formation Capacity.

Dental caries is a multifactorial biofilm- and sugar-dependent disease. This study investigated the influence of different agents on the induction of surviving Streptococcus mutans cells after successive treatment cycles and characterized the biofilms formed by these cells recovered posttreatment. The agents (with their main targets listed in parentheses) were compound 1771 (lipoteichoic acids), 4' hydroxychalcone (exopolysaccharides), myricetin (exopolysaccharides), -farnesol (cytoplasmatic membrane), sodium fluoride (enolase-glycolysis), chlorhexidine (antimicrobial), and vehicle.

Topical Application of 4'-Hydroxychalcone in Combination with Farnesol Is Effective against and Biofilms.

and interaction in the presence of dietary sucrose yields a complex biofilm with an organized and structured extracellular matrix that increases the tolerance to environmental stress, including antimicrobials. Both species are found in severe early childhood caries lesions. Thus, compounds 4'-hydroxychalcone (C135) (flavonoid intermediate metabolites), -farnesol (Far) (terpenoid), and sodium fluoride (F) were tested either isolated or combined as topical treatments (5 min twice daily) against and dual-species biofilms grown on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs.

Antifungal Activity and Biocompatibility of α-AgVO, α-AgWO, and β-AgMoO Using a Three-Dimensional Coculture Model of the Oral Mucosa.

Fungal infections have become a major concern in the medical community, especially those caused by spp. Within this species, stands out for being an opportunistic commensal fungus that can cause superficial and invasive infections. Current antifungal therapy involves the local and/or systemic use of drugs such as azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins.

reduces the extracellular matrix components of fluconazole-susceptible biofilms.

Fluconazole-sensitive (CaS) and -resistant (CaR) were grown as single-species and dual-species biofilms with (Lc) and (Lr). Single-species Lc and Lr were also evaluated. Biofilm analysis included viable plate counts, the extracellular matrix components, biomass, and structural organization.

Insights into the activation of oral keratinocyte cell death by and biofilms.

Polymicrobial biofilms comprising and can increase the frequency and severity of oral diseases. This study assessed oral keratinocyte cell death, apoptosis and/or necrosis, promoted by soluble factors from single and dual biofilms of and . The soluble factors were obtained from the 16-h biofilm growth media.

Proto-Oncogenes and Cell Cycle Gene Expression in Normal and Neoplastic Oral Epithelial Cells Stimulated With Soluble Factors From Single and Dual Biofilms of and .

This study was aimed at analyzing proto-oncogenic signaling pathway activation in normal oral keratinocytes (NOK-si) and neoplastic cell lines (SCC 25 and Detroit 562) stimulated with metabolites (soluble factors) from single and dual biofilms of and . Soluble factors (SF) from early (16-h) and mature (36-h) biofilms of and were collected and incubated with cell cultures, which were subsequently evaluated using gene expression via RT-qPCR, cell viability via AlamarBlue, and flow cytometry cell cycle analysis. In general, exposure to the SF of early and mature biofilms from and dual species caused a major reduction in NOK-si cell viability and enhanced the sub G0 phase.

Long-Term Effect of Daily Chemical Disinfection on Surface Topography and Candida Albicans Biofilm Formation on Denture Base and Reline Acrylic Resins.

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of long-term daily chemical disinfection on the topographic and Candida albicans biofilm formation on a denture base resin and a reline acrylic resin.

Material And Methods: Circular samples (14 × 1.2 mm) were fabricated from a denture base (Vipi Wave) and reline acrylic resins (Tokuyama Rebase Fast II).

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against metronidazole-resistant dental plaque bactéria.

The antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has stood out as an alternative and promising method of disinfection and has been exploited for the treatment of oral bacteria. In this study, we evaluate in vitro the action of aPDT, mediated by methylene blue, chlorin-e6, and curcumin against clinical subgingival plaques that were resistant to metronidazole. The sensitivity profile of the samples to metronidazole was analyzed by the agar dilution method.

Biological and physicochemical implications of the aging process on titanium and zirconia implant material surfaces.

Statement Of Problem: Changes in physicochemical properties because of implant material aging and natural deterioration in the oral environment can facilitate microbial colonization and disturb the soft-tissue seal between the implant surfaces.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of aging time on the physicochemical profile of titanium (Ti) and zirconia (ZrO) implant materials. Further microbiology and cell analyses were used to provide insights into the physicochemical implications of biological behavior.

Antifungal activity and biocompatibility of α-AgVO microcrystals: A promising material against oral Candida disease.

The number of studies on microcrystals containing silver has increased in recent decades. Among the silver-containing microcrystals, α-AgVO has gained prominence owing to its polymorphism that allows it to exert interesting antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of three different α-AgVO microcrystals when in solution.

Effect of the aging of titanium and zirconia abutment surfaces on the viability, adhesion, and proliferation of cells and the adhesion of microorganisms.

Statement Of Problem: The longevity of dental implants depends on the maintenance of peri-implant tissue and absence of inflammation. How the physical-chemical properties intrinsic to each material over time can affect adhesion, given constant cell turnover and biofilm development, remains unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of aging on the viability, adhesion, and proliferation of normal oral keratinocytes (Nok-si) and on the multispecies biofilm formation of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.

Dual-species biofilms of and exhibit more biomass and are mutually beneficial compared with single-species biofilms.

: () and () are found in biofilms of early childhood caries. To characterize dual- and single-species biofilms of and formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs in the presence of sucrose. Evaluation of biofilms included biochemical [biomass, proteins, matrix's water-soluble (WSP) and alkali-soluble (ASP) polysaccharides, microbiological, 3D structure, gene expression, and stress tolerance analyses.

Ag Nanoparticles/α-AgWO Composite Formed by Electron Beam and Femtosecond Irradiation as Potent Antifungal and Antitumor Agents.

The ability to manipulate the structure and function of promising systems via external stimuli is emerging with the development of reconfigurable and programmable multifunctional materials. Increasing antifungal and antitumor activity requires novel, effective treatments to be diligently sought. In this work, the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro biological screening of pure α-AgWO, irradiated with electrons and with non-focused and focused femtosecond laser beams are reported.

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Curcumin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles in a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an alternative method for oral candidiasis (OC), while nanocarriers have been used to improve the water solubility of curcumin (CUR). The aim of this study is to encapsulate CUR in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and to evaluate its photodynamic effects on a murine model of OC. Anionic and cationic CUR-NP is synthesized using poly-lactic acid and dextran sulfate and then characterized.

Development and characterization of a 3D oral mucosa model as a tool for host-pathogen interactions.

The aim of this study was to (i) design, develop and validate a practical and physiologically relevant reconstituted in vitro oral mucosa tissue model and (ii) to assess its applicability in in vitro host-pathogen interactions with C. albicans and S. aureus.