Activity Space Mapping and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Uptake Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Sexual Minority Men in Small Cities and Towns in the United States.

In the US, gay, bisexual, and other sexual minoritized men (GBSMM) remain disproportionately impacted by HIV, and continue to experience unmet needs for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). A growing body of literature has underscored the need to consider the geographic factors of HIV prevention, particularly beyond administrative boundaries and towards localized spaces that influence the accessibility and utilization of health-promoting resources. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the associations of driving times from activity spaces to PrEP offering facilities and individual PrEP uptake.

Hemoglobin signal network mapping reveals novel indicators for precision medicine.

Precision medicine currently relies on a mix of deep phenotyping strategies to guide more individualized healthcare. Despite being widely available and information-rich, physiological time-series measures are often overlooked as a resource to extend insights gained from such measures. Here we have explored resting-state hemoglobin measures applied to intact whole breasts for two subject groups - women with confirmed breast cancer and control subjects - with the goal of achieving a more detailed assessment of the cancer phenotype from a non-invasive measure.

Technical violations and infractions are drivers of disengagement from methadone treatment among people with opioid use disorder discharged from Connecticut jails 2014-2018.

Background: We investigated the interaction between arrests for technical violations vs. receiving new charges with receiving community-based methadone treatment on time-to reincarceration (TTR) in a cohort of men with opioid use disorder (OUD) released from custody from two Connecticut jails from 2014 to 2018.

Methods: Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated for time to reincarceration for technical violations/infractions, misdemeanors only, felonies only, and both misdemeanors and felonies after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and receiving methadone treatment during incarceration or in the community following release.

Male and female Asians living with HIV: a text-mining analysis comparing their concerns.

Introduction: Asians are "a forgotten population" whose HIV prevention and treatment needs have long been ignored. Studies on people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have primarily reported on physical and psychological conditions among men and gender minorities.

Methods: We used data-mining to select words and word patterns from pooled in-depth interviews conducted with 33 women and 12 men ( = 45) who were HIV positive and residing in San Francisco, United States, Shanghai, Beijing, or Taipei, China.

Postoperative weakness and anesthetic-associated rhabdomyolysis in a pediatric patient: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Anesthesia-associated rhabdomyolysis is a rare complication of surgery that causes postoperative myalgia, weakness, and potential renal failure if not managed promptly. Predisposing conditions that may lead to this complication include muscular dystrophies and myopathies.

Case Presentation: This rare case describes a pediatric non-Indigenous Australian patient developing this complication, with no known predisposing risk factors, and no clear etiology.

Post-incarceration outcomes for individuals who continued methadone treatment while in Connecticut jails, 2014-2018.

Purpose: To assess post-release outcomes associated with continuation of methadone treatment in correctional centers.

Methods: This case-control study of the post-incarceration impact of pilot methadone programs operating in jails in New Haven and Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA was conducted in 2014-18. The study compared non-fatal overdose, fatal overdose, reincarceration, and resumption of methadone in the community experienced by 1564 eligible men, 660 (42.

Systematic Assessment of 10 Biomarker Candidates Focusing on α-Synuclein-Related Disorders.

Background: Objective diagnostic biomarkers are needed to support a clinical diagnosis.

Objectives: To analyze markers in various neurodegenerative disorders to identify diagnostic biomarker candidates for mainly α-synuclein (aSyn)-related disorders (ASRD) in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Methods: Upon initial testing of commercially available kits or published protocols for the quantification of the candidate markers, assays for the following were selected: total and phosphorylated aSyn (pS129aSyn), neurofilament light chain (NfL), phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNfH), tau protein (tau), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), calcium-binding protein B (S100B), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM-2), and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40).

Online monitoring and control of upstream cell culture process using 1D and 2D-LC with SegFlow interface.

The biopharmaceutical industry is transitioning from currently deployed batch-mode bioprocessing to a highly efficient and agile next-generation bioprocessing with the adaptation of continuous bioprocessing, which reduces capital investment and operational costs. Continuous bioprocessing, aligned with FDA's quality-by-design platform, is designed to develop robust processes to deliver safe and effective drugs. With the deployment of knowledge-based operations, product quality can be built into the process to achieve desired critical quality attributes (CQAs) with reduced variability.

The subcellular arrangement of alpha-synuclein proteoforms in the Parkinson's disease brain as revealed by multicolor STED microscopy.

Various post-translationally modified (PTM) proteoforms of alpha-synuclein (aSyn)-including C-terminally truncated (CTT) and Serine 129 phosphorylated (Ser129-p) aSyn-accumulate in Lewy bodies (LBs) in different regions of the Parkinson's disease (PD) brain. Insight into the distribution of these proteoforms within LBs and subcellular compartments may aid in understanding the orchestration of Lewy pathology in PD. We applied epitope-specific antibodies against CTT and Ser129-p aSyn proteoforms and different aSyn domains in immunohistochemical multiple labelings on post-mortem brain tissue from PD patients and non-neurological, aged controls, which were scanned using high-resolution 3D multicolor confocal and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy.

The development and evaluation of an HIV implementation science network in New England: lessons learned.

Background: Describe and evaluate an implementation science network focused on HIV prevention and treatment in New England.

Methods: In 2014, we established a partnership among university researchers and community stakeholders to stimulate and support HIV-related implementation research. We solicited information from Network members through surveys, interviews at Network events, and dialog with participants.

Stigma, displacement stressors and psychiatric morbidity among displaced Syrian men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon.

Background: Displaced Syrians face psychiatric morbidity often resulting from displacement-related stressors (eg, resource scarcity). Both men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women among the displaced Syrians are particularly vulnerable to mental health challenges given that they also often face stigma-related stressors (eg, discrimination).

Methods: Between January and December 2019 in greater Beirut, 258 Lebanese-born MSM and transgender women and 230 displaced Syrian MSM and transgender women were recruited via respondent-driven sampling to complete an in-person survey assessing displacement-related stressors, stigma-related stressors, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Determining the feasibility and effectiveness of brief online mindfulness training for rural medical students: a pilot study.

Background: We sought to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of a mindfulness training program, delivered online to medical students at a Rural Clinical School.

Methods: An 8-week online training program was delivered to penultimate-year medical students at an Australian Rural Clinical School during 2016. Using a mixed methods approach, we measured the frequency and duration of participants' mindfulness meditation practice, and assessed changes in their perceived stress, self-compassion and compassion levels, as well as personal and professional attitudes and behaviours.

Violence and Discrimination Against Men Who Have Sex With Men in Lebanon: The Role of International Displacement and Migration.

Homosexuality is illegal in Lebanon and men who have sex with men (MSM) may experience discrimination. Displaced Syrians, who currently comprise approximately 20% of Lebanon's population, also face discrimination. Individuals who are members of both groups may experience heightened levels of discrimination and abuse.

Results from a community mental health assessment in a historically black church: A call for action.

African Americans' rates of mental illness are similar to those of the general population, however, their rates of utilization of any mental health service is lower than many other ethnic/racial groups, specifically, non-Hispanic, Whites. Many African Americans do not receive adequate treatment for mental health issues due to several barriers to help-seeking behavior. Despite these barriers, African American communities have traditionally sought support from pastors or ministers of historically black churches in times of crises or when experiencing mental health issues.

Occupational Therapy Intervention to Improve Outcomes Among Frail Older Adults: A Scoping Review.

Importance: Frailty is common in later life and increases older adults' risk for early disability, institutionalization, and mortality.

Objective: To explore the research literature on occupational therapy interventions to improve outcomes among frail, community-dwelling older adults.

Design: Scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature about occupational therapy interventions and frailty published between January 1996 and January 2017.

Evaluating alcohol and marijuana use among emerging adult males via analysis of text messages.

Advances in social technologies offer new tools for large scale data collection and analysis of peer influence and social networks on substance use attitudes and behaviors. The objective of this study was to determine if text message content can predict alcohol and marijuana use attitudes and behaviors. Text messages from 91 males ages 18-25 were monitored over a period of 6 months and examined for content related to alcohol and marijuana.

Endurance Exercise Enhances Emotional Valence and Emotion Regulation.

Acute exercise consistently benefits both emotion and cognition, particularly cognitive control. We evaluated acute endurance exercise influences on emotion, domain-general cognitive control and the cognitive control of emotion, specifically cognitive reappraisal. Thirty-six endurance runners, defined as running at least 30 miles per week with one weekly run of at least 9 miles (21 female, age 18-30 years) participated.

Illustrating the effect of viscoelastic additives on cavitation and turbulence with X-ray imaging.

The effect of viscoelastic additives on the topology and dynamics of the two-phase flow arising within an axisymmetric orifice with a flow path constriction along its main axis has been investigated employing high-flux synchrotron radiation. X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging (XPCI) has been conducted to visualise the cavitating flow of different types of diesel fuel within the orifice. An additised blend containing Quaternary Ammonium Salt (QAS) additives with a concentration of 500 ppm has been comparatively examined against a pure (base) diesel compound.

Hemoglobin state-flux: A finite-state model representation of the hemoglobin signal for evaluation of the resting state and the influence of disease.

Summary: In this report we introduce a weak-model approach for examination of the intrinsic time-varying properties of the hemoglobin signal, with the aim of advancing the application of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for the detection of breast cancer, among other potential uses. The developed methodology integrates concepts from stochastic network theory with known modulatory features of the vascular bed, and in doing so provides access to a previously unrecognized dense feature space that is shown to have promising diagnostic potential. Notable features of the methodology include access to this information solely from measures acquired in the resting state, and analysis of these by treating the various components of the hemoglobin (Hb) signal as a co-varying interacting system.

Extended-release Naltrexone Improves Viral Suppression Among Incarcerated Persons Living with HIV and Alcohol use Disorders Transitioning to the Community: Results From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Objective: To determine whether extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) would improve or maintain viral suppression (VS) among incarcerated individuals with HIV and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) transitioning to the community.

Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among incarcerated individuals with HIV and AUDs transitioning to the community from 2010 through 2016.

Methods: Eligible participants (N = 100) were randomized 2:1 to receive 6 monthly injections of XR-NTX (n = 67) or placebo (n = 33) starting at release and continued for 6 months.

Turbulence and Cavitation Suppression by Quaternary Ammonium Salt Additives.

We identify the physical mechanism through which newly developed quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) deposit control additives (DCAs) affect the rheological properties of cavitating turbulent flows, resulting in an increase in the volumetric efficiency of clean injectors fuelled with diesel or biodiesel fuels. Quaternary ammonium surfactants with appropriate counterions can be very effective in reducing the turbulent drag in aqueous solutions, however, less is known about the effect of such surfactants in oil-based solvents or in cavitating flow conditions. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) investigations show that in traditional DCA fuel compositions only reverse spherical micelles form, whereas reverse cylindrical micelles are detected by blending the fuel with the QAS additive.

Improving the analysis of near-infrared spectroscopy data with multivariate classification of hemodynamic patterns: a theoretical formulation and validation.

Objective: The statistical analysis of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data based on the general linear model (GLM) is often made difficult by serial correlations, high inter-subject variability of the hemodynamic response, and the presence of motion artifacts. In this work we propose to extract information on the pattern of hemodynamic activations without using any a priori model for the data, by classifying the channels as 'active' or 'not active' with a multivariate classifier based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA).

Approach: This work is developed in two steps.

Design and feasibility testing of a novel group intervention for young women who binge drink in groups.

Background: Young women frequently drink alcohol in groups and binge drinking within these natural drinking groups is common. This study describes the design of a theoretically and empirically based group intervention to reduce binge drinking among young women. It also evaluates their engagement with the intervention and the acceptability of the study methods.

Extended-Release Naltrexone Improves Viral Suppression Among Incarcerated Persons Living With HIV With Opioid Use Disorders Transitioning to the Community: Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial.

Objective: To determine whether extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) would improve or maintain viral suppression (VS) among prisoners or jail detainees with HIV and opioid use disorder (OUD) transitioning to the community.

Design: A 4-site, prospective randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among prison and jail inmates with HIV and OUD transitioning to the community from September 2010 through March 2016.

Methods: Eligible participants (N = 93) were randomized 2:1 to receive 6 monthly injections of XR-NTX (n = 66) or placebo (n = 27) starting at release and observed for 6 months.

Micro-sized tunable liquid crystal optical filters.

Liquid crystal arrayed microcavities (LCAM) is a new technology for ultra-narrow optical filtering (FWHM ∼0.1  nm) that uses picoliter volume Fabry-Perot-type optical cavities filled with liquid crystal for tuning. LCAMs are sub-nm spectral resolution filters, which utilize well-established laser writing, thin film deposition, and wafer manufacturing techniques.