Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in an Urban Multiethnic Indigenous Community from Amazonas.

Introduction: Studies about dementia in Indigenous communities are still scarce worldwide, especially in low-middle-income countries, limiting timely intervention in minority groups. Our research aimed to bridge this gap by determining the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), and the associated factors, in a multiethnic Indigenous community in Manaus, Brazil.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study evaluated the cognitive and functional performances of 141 Indigenous individuals (aged 50 and above).

alpha toxin enteritis associated with pulmonary disease in a neotropical otter (, Olfers, 1818) under human care.

alpha toxin (CPA) is an important enterotoxemic pathogen linked to gastrointestinal disorders and previously associated with pulmonary disease in other mammals. A young female neotropical otter presented with lethargy, anorexia and steatorrhea, which developed within 24 hours. Veterinary care was provided under anesthesia, during which dehydration, intestinal hypermotility and pulmonary crackling sounds were identified.

Exploring the effects of climate change on child malnutrition: protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: Rapid climate changes in the early 21st century have triggered a global syndemic intertwining obesity, undernutrition and climate change, profoundly affecting health, especially children. Despite increasing research, a significant gap persists in understanding the mechanisms linking climate change to child malnutrition, particularly in children under 5 years old. This protocol proposes a scoping review to address this gap, with the aim of mapping the available evidence on the relationship between climate change and malnutrition among children under 5 years old.

Galectin-3 plays a key role in controlling infection by in human trophoblast cells and human villous explants.

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin expressed in cells of the placental microenvironment. This lectin is involved in various biological processes, such as modulation of the immune system and control of parasitic illness. infection can lead to congenital transmission and cause miscarriages, prematurity and fetal anomalies.

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in clinical practice in Brazil: recommendations from the Scientific Department of Cognitive Neurology and Aging of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology.

In recent years, the diagnostic accuracy of Alzheimer's disease has been enhanced by the development of different types of biomarkers that indicate the presence of neuropathological processes. In addition to improving patient selection for clinical trials, biomarkers can assess the effects of new treatments on pathological processes. However, there is concern about the indiscriminate and poorly supported use of biomarkers, especially in asymptomatic individuals or those with subjective cognitive decline.

Use of anti-amyloid therapies for Alzheimer's disease in Brazil: a position paper from the Scientific Department of Cognitive Neurology and Aging of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology.

Novel therapies for Alzheimer's disease, particularly anti-amyloid drugs like lecanemab and donanemab, have shown modest clinical benefits but also significant risks. The present paper highlights the challenges of access to diagnosis, cost-effectiveness, safety, and the need for more representation of diverse populations in clinical trials. Recommendations include careful patient selection, risk-benefit analysis, and the importance of proven amyloid pathology for treatment.

Does radiofrequency ablation reduce pain and improve maximal incisal opening more effectively than electrocautery in temporomandibular joint arthroscopy? A pilot study.

Objective: The study compared the effectiveness of radiofrequency and electrocautery techniques in TMJ arthroscopic surgeries by evaluating changes in pain levels and maximal incisal opening before surgery and throughout a 30-day postoperative period.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled trial included 62 patients with bilateral TMJ disorders classified as Wilkes stages III and IV. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 (n = 31) underwent arthroscopy with electrocautery, and Group 2 (n = 31) received radiofrequency ablation.

Perceptions of primary health care professionals from Brazil about the food and nutrition monitoring system.

The main factors related to the lack of coverage in Health Information Systems are concentrated in the scarce and incipient training of health professionals regarding the collection and typing of data, as well as the importance of using information. The aim of this study was to analyze the perceptions of primary health care professionals from Brazil about the functioning of the Food and Nutritional Monitoring System (SISVAN). Multicentric qualitative study, carried out with 38 health professionals in Basic Health Units (BHU) in five regions around the country.

Temporal trend in markers of nutritional status and food consumption of non-village indigenous people in Brazil.

Background: Non-village indigenous people may face urban lifestyle influences, impacting their nutritional profile. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the temporal trends in the nutritional status (2008-2023) and food consumption (2015-2023) of non-village indigenous people in Brazil, using data from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN).

Methods: In this time series study, secondary data available on the SISVAN online platform were used.

Do prolonged social media use or cognitive tasks impair neuroelectric and visuomotor performance in taekwondo athletes? A randomized and controlled trial.

Objectives: We aimed to compare whether: (1) social media use (SMU) would induce a similar state of mental fatigue compared to the Modified Stroop task (MST); (2) the SMU and the MST would affect neuroelectric responses; and (3) sport-specific visuomotor performance in the taekwondo (TKD) athletes was impaired by mental fatigue.

Methods: Fifteen TKD athletes underwent a 60-min Modified Stroop Task (MST), engaged in SMU, or watched a documentary (CON) in a randomized order. Pre and post-each conditions they responded to a Stroop task (ST) while the event-related potentials (ERP) were measured.

Evaluation of ARFI elastography for detecting active mastitis in sheep with previous fibrous lesions: a study of mammary parenchyma and supramammary lymph nodes.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of Acustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastography in mammary parenchyma and supramammary lymph nodes, for detection of active mastitis in sheep with naturally infected chronic fibrous lesions. 27 female sheep were included and B-mode ultrasound and ARFI elastography images were obtained, acquiring qualitative (echogenicity and echotexture) and quantitative (shear rate, depth and short/long axis ratio) variables of 48 mammary glands. The glands were divided into three experimental groups: control group (CG) - healthy animals; LSCC- animals that presented fibrous lesions and SCC (somatic cell count) less than 500 x 10 cls/mL; HSCC: animals that presented fibrous lesions and SCC (somatic cell count) more than 500 x 10 cls/mL; The qualitative variables using B-mode ultrasonography, including echotexture and echogenicity, showed no significant differences between the evaluated groups and tissues (p = 0.

Noise-induced hearing loss: a 10-year analysis of notifications according to the Brazilian Classification of Occupations.

Introduction: Noise-induced hearing loss has a high incidence among Brazilian workers, causing socioeconomic and cognitive impairments.

Objectives: To describe noise-induced hearing loss according to professional occupation between 2012 and 2021.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study of Brazilian workers affected by noise-induced hearing loss.

Aerospace nurses' competencies in disaster situations: a scoping review.

Objective: to map the competencies of aerospace nurses in disaster situations.

Method: a scoping review following the steps recommended by the JBI and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. The review was conducted in three phases by two independent reviewers, with blinding, and supported by a third reviewer to resolve disagreements.

Copaifera spp. oleoresins control Trypanosoma cruzi infection in human trophoblast cells (BeWo) and placental explants.

Congenital Chagas disease (CCD) is a worldwide neglected problem with significant treatment limitations. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Copaifera spp. oleoresins (ORs) against Trypanosoma cruzi infection in trophoblast cells (BeWo lineage) and human chorionic villous explants (HCVE).

Isotemporal substitution analysis of time between sedentary behavior, and physical activity on sleep quality in younger adults: a multicenter study.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of replacing time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) with moderate to vigorous physical activity on sleep quality in young adults.

Methods: Multicenter cross-sectional study, carried out with students enrolled in undergraduate courses at universities in Brazil. Sleep quality was assessed using a question of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-brief) and classified as good or poor sleep quality.

Nicorandil antiallodynic activity in a model of neuropathic pain is associated with the activation of ATP-dependent potassium channels and opioidergic pathways, and reduced production of cytokines and neutrophils recruitment in paw, sciatic nerve, and dorsal root ganglia.

Background: Recently, we demonstrated that nicorandil inhibits mechanical allodynia induced by paclitaxel. In the present study, we evaluated the effect induced by nicorandil in a model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) in mice. We also investigated putative mechanisms underlying such an effect.

Sensory Analysis Performed within Augmented Virtuality System: Impact on Hedonic Scores, Engagement, and Presence Level.

Sensory analysis methodologies are performed in sensory booths designed to minimise external stimuli, lacking ecological validity. Immersive environments are used to introduce contextual cues, but there is a lack of studies using mixed reality systems. The main goal of this study was to evaluate an augmented virtuality (AV) system where participants are inserted into a virtual environment and evaluate a real product, being able to interact with both dimensions.

Amyloid profile is associated with sleep quality in preclinical but not in prodromal Alzheimer's disease older adults.

Background: Few studies have assessed whether neuropathological markers of AD in the preclinical and prodromal stages are associated with polysomnographic changes and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, case-control study of older adults (≥60 years) without relevant clinical and psychiatric comorbidities selected randomly from a cohort of individuals without dementia in a tertiary university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. They underwent neuropsychological evaluation for clinical diagnosis and were allocated into two samples: cognitively unimpaired (CU) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).