Safety and Efficacy of Subcutaneous Rituximab in Previously Untreated Patients with CD20+ Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma or Follicular Lymphoma: Results from an Italian Phase IIIb Study.

Subcutaneous (SC) rituximab may be beneficial in terms of convenience and tolerability, with potentially fewer and less severe administration-related reactions (ARRs) compared to the intravenous (IV) form. This report presents the results of a phase IIIb study conducted in Italy. The study included adult patients with CD20+ DLBCL or FL having received at least one full dose of IV RTX 375 mg/m during induction or maintenance.

Ebola: A Hyperinflated Emergency.

As with the Ebola outbreak, global under-5 mortality and morbidity should be considered a public health emergency of international concern.

It's not Ebola … it's the systems.

The 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa demonstrates key deficiencies in investment in health systems. Despite some modest investment in health systems, our field has instead largely chosen to pursue shorter-term, vertical efforts to more rapidly address key global health issues such as smallpox, polio, malaria, and HIV/AIDS. While those efforts have yielded substantial benefits, we have paid a price for the lack of investments in general systems strengthening.

Urban health: it's time to get moving!

The global health community should mainstream urban health and implement urban health programs to address the triple health burden of communicable diseases, noncommunicable diseases, and injuries in low- and middle-income countries.

Fulfilling the PEPFAR mandate: a more equitable use of PEPFAR resources across global health.

As PEPFAR moves beyond its "emergency stage," it should now help support a more sustainable development mode, including an equitable platform for meeting a broad range of priority health needs, while continuing to pursue the goal of an AIDS-free generation.

Acute stress increases depolarization-evoked glutamate release in the rat prefrontal/frontal cortex: the dampening action of antidepressants.

Background: Behavioral stress is recognized as a main risk factor for neuropsychiatric diseases. Converging evidence suggested that acute stress is associated with increase of excitatory transmission in certain forebrain areas. Aim of this work was to investigate the mechanism whereby acute stress increases glutamate release, and if therapeutic drugs prevent the effect of stress on glutamate release.

Global health for undergraduates: "we are not alone".

This paper presents a review of an undergraduate global health curriculum implemented at the George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services. It is in concert with the framework and principles of the Association of American Colleges and Universities and their vision of Shared Futures of Global Learning and Social Responsibility. The rationale for a deep and broad undergraduate public health curriculum, which includes a global health component, is clear.

Antidepressant treatments and function of glutamate ionotropic receptors mediating amine release in hippocampus.

Previous evidences showed that, besides noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), glutamate transmission is involved in the mechanism of action of antidepressants (ADs), although the relations between aminergic and glutamatergic systems are poorly understood. The aims of this investigation were to evaluate changes in the function of glutamate AMPA and NMDA receptors produced by acute and chronic administration of the two ADs reboxetine and fluoxetine, selective inhibitors of NA and 5-HT uptake, respectively. Rats were treated acutely (intraperitoneal injection) or chronically (osmotic minipump infusion) with reboxetine or fluoxetine.

Chronic antidepressants induce redistribution and differential activation of alphaCaM kinase II between presynaptic compartments.

Changes in synaptic plasticity are involved in pathophysiology of depression and in the mechanism of antidepressants. Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM) kinase II, a protein kinase involved in synaptic plasticity, has been previously shown to be a target of antidepressants. We previously found that antidepressants activate the kinase in hippocampal neuronal cell bodies by increasing phosphorylation at Thr(286), reduce the kinase phosphorylation in synaptic membranes, and in turn its phosphorylation-dependent interaction with syntaxin-1 and the release of glutamate from hippocampal synaptosomes.

Long-term soluble Abeta1-40 activates CaM kinase II in organotypic hippocampal cultures.

Recent findings suggested a role for soluble amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides in Alzheimer's disease associated cognitive decline. We investigated the action of soluble, monomeric Abeta(1-40) on CaM kinase II, a kinase involved in neuroplasticity and cognition. We treated organotypic hippocampal cultures short-term (up to 4h) and long-term (5 days) with Abeta(1-40) (1nM-5microM).

Research priorities child and maternal nutrition: a USAID perspective.

This paper presents the views of the United States Agency for International Development, India (USAID/India) on priorities for nutrition research in 2001-2005. Indices of nutrition status in India have been stagnant for 30 years. Although severe malnutrition has declined significantly, there has been little improvement since the 1970s in the percentage of children and/or mothers who are moderately undernourished.

Duration of larval development of Simulium yahense (Diptera: Simuliidae) under natural conditions.

The duration of Simulium yahense Vajime & Dunbar larval development on a dam spillway in Harbel, Liberia, was observed to make accurate decisions regarding the frequency of larvicide treatments against this onchocerciasis vector. Larval development required a minimum of 10-12 d from eclosion to first pupation. Initial larvicidal treatment for S.

Detection of serum antibodies and circulating antigens in a chimpanzee experimentally infected with Onchocerca volvulus.

The course of the humoral immune response was followed in a chimpanzee experimentally infected over 27 weeks with a total of 168 Onchocerca volvulus 3rd-stage larvae obtained from naturally infected wild-caught blackflies. Antibodies against an adult worm extract could be detected by ELISA from week 16 onwards (after the inoculation of 44 larvae). Peak antibody levels were observed between weeks 66 and 74 (about one year after the last larval injection).

Onchocerciasis in Sudan: the Southern Darfur focus.

The prevalence, intensity and clinical manifestations of onchocerciasis were investigated in three village communities along the Bahr El Arab and its tributaries in Southern Darfur, Western Sudan. Onchocerca volvulus has not been reported from this region before. Over 300 people were examined and the selection of patients was aimed at obtaining a cross-sectional view of the disease at all ages and in both sexes.

A field method for the procurement of infective larvae of Onchocerca volvulus.

Natural vectors of onchocerciasis (S. yahense) were collected. Ninety-eight were intrathoracically inoculated with 30 freshly obtained skin-dwelling microfilariae.

Transmission of onchocerciasis by local black flies on the Firestone Rubber Plantation, Harbel, Liberia.

A quantitative description of the transmission dynamics of onchocerciasis on the Firestone Rubber Plantation, Harbel, Liberia is presented. The putative vector, Simulium yahense, comprised 98.5% of the flies examined.

The prevalence of onchocerciasis on selected divisions of the Firestone Rubber Plantation, Harbel, Liberia.

A survey for the prevalence of onchocerciasis was conducted on selected divisions of the Firestone Rubber Plantation, Harbel , Liberia, in November 1980. Divisions 19, 22, 23, and 36 are located in the north-central portion of the plantation, and were selected to complement transmission studies which were performed there in 1979 and 1980. Biopsy of the calf, iliac crest, and shoulder was done on a total of 583 individuals.