Physical Activity in Clinical Pediatric Weight Management Programs: Current Practices and Recommendations.

Physical activity (PA) is essential for youth weight management. FOCUS on a Fitter Future (FFF), a group of health care professionals from 25 children's hospitals, sponsored by the Children's Hospital Association, examined current care practices for overweight and obese youth with the goal of building consensus on outcome measurements and quality improvement for pediatric weight management programs (WMPs). WMPs completed a survey regarding PA practices, including testing, assessment and intervention.

A single dose of amoxicillin and dexamethasone for prevention of postoperative complications in third molar surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single prophylactic dose of amoxicillin and/or dexamethasone in preventing postoperative complications (PC) after a surgical removal of a single mandibular third molar (M3).

Methods: This study is a randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. Four groups were included: Group 1 (G1) included a prophylactic dose of 2 g of amoxicillin and 8 mg of dexamethasone; Group 2 (G2) included a prophylactic dose of 2 g of amoxicillin and 8 mg of placebo; Group 3 (G3) included a prophylactic dose of 8 mg of dexamethasone and 2 g of placebo and; Group 4 (G4) placebo.

Does smoking increase the incidence of postoperative complications in simple exodontia?

Objective: To investigate whether smoking has adverse effects in simple exodontia.

Methods: A single-centre, prospective study of postoperative inflammatory complications in simple exodontia was performed. All procedures were conducted under similar and sterile conditions.

Resistance exercise and supraphysiologic androgen therapy in eugonadal men with HIV-related weight loss: a randomized controlled trial.

Context: Repletion of lean body mass (LBM) that patients lose in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has proved difficult. In healthy, HIV-seronegative men, synergy between progressive resistance exercise (PRE) and very high-dose testosterone therapy has been reported for gains in LBM and muscle strength.

Objective: To determine whether a moderately supraphysiologic androgen regimen, including an anabolic steroid, would improve LBM and strength gains of PRE in HIV-infected men with prior weight loss and whether protease inhibitor antiretroviral therapy prevents lean tissue anabolism.

Effects of nandrolone decanoate therapy in borderline hypogonadal men with HIV-associated weight loss.

Serum testosterone concentrations are frequently in the low-normal range (lowest quartile, <500 ng/dl) in men with AIDS-wasting syndrome (AWS) and in other chronic wasting disorders. The response of patients in this group to androgen treatment has not been determined, however. Eighteen men with AWS (mean +/- standard error [SE]: 87% +/- 1% usual body weight; CD4 count 90 +/- 24) and borderline low serum testosterone concentrations (382 +/- 33 ng/dl) completed a 21-day placebo-controlled inpatient metabolic ward study comparing intramuscular (i.

Effect of weight loss on bone mineral content and bone mineral density in obese women.

Studies of body-composition changes during weight loss have had conflicting results with regard to changes in bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). We examined BMC and BMD for changes during weight loss. Fourteen women enrolled in a 15-wk weight loss program.

Weight loss is greater with consumption of large morning meals and fat-free mass is preserved with large evening meals in women on a controlled weight reduction regimen.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether meal ingestion pattern [large morning meals (AM) vs. large evening meals (PM)] affects changes in body weight, body composition or energy utilization during weight loss. Ten women completed a metabolic ward study of 3-wk weight stabilization followed by 12 wk of weight loss with a moderately energy restricted diet [mean energy intake +/- SD = 107 +/- 6 kJ/(kg.

Body fat percentage and gender: associations with exercise energy expenditure, substrate utilization, and mechanical work efficiency.

Energy expenditure (EE) was measured at specific steady-state work rates to determine if body fat percentage or gender was associated with exercise EE, substrate oxidation, or work efficiency. Body fat percentage (leaner vs. fatter men, 9-15% vs.

Effect of exercise and dietary restraint on energy intake of reduced-obese women.

Self-selected food intake of 15 reduced-obese women living in a metabolic ward was studied for 14 consecutive days to determine the effect of exercise and other metabolic and behavioral variables on energy intake. A choice of prepared food items were offered at breakfast, lunch and dinner, and a variety of additional food items were available continuously 24 h/day. Subjects performed either moderate intensity aerobic exercise (A-EX) (n = 8) expending 354 +/- 76 kcal/session or low intensity resistance weight training (R-EX)(n =7) expending 96 +/- kcal/session, 5 days/week.

Effects of a carotene-deficient diet on measures of oxidative susceptibility and superoxide dismutase activity in adult women.

The effect of consuming a low carotene diet (approximately 60 micrograms carotene/day) on oxidative susceptibility and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in women living in a metabolic research unit was evaluated. The diet had sufficient vitamins A, E, and C. The women ate the diet supplemented with 1500 micrograms/day beta-carotene for 4 days (baseline), then the unsupplemented diet for 68 days (depletion), followed by the diet supplemented with > 15,000 micrograms/day carotene for 28 days (repletion).

The effects of endurance exercise with and without a reduction of energy intake on fat-free mass and the composition of fat-free mass in obese women.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of endurance exercise on fat-free mass and nitrogen balance, with energy restriction or with energy intake to meet non-exercise needs in obese women.

Design: The study was a 14-week metabolic control study with a 2-week baseline period for dietary stabilization followed by a 12-week period of exercise (E) with or without energy restriction (D), E or D+E.

Setting: Metabolic research unit of the Western Human Nutrition Research Center.

Moderate diet restriction alters the substrate and hormone response to exercise.

Substrate and hormone responses to submaximal exercise were studied in 10 overweight women (119-141% ideal body weight) to learn if a moderately restricted diet would influence the responses. Subjects consumed diets with adequate energy (ADEX), N = 5, or low energy (LDEX)--50% reduction in energy, N = 5. Three times during the 12-wk study, blood was drawn before and immediately following exercise; results were combined since there were no differences between replicates.

Predicting total body water and extracellular fluid volumes from bioelectrical measurements of the human body.

Two biological impedance analyzers, a 50 kHz (RJL) and 20-100 kHz (BMA) instrument, and a total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) instrument were used to estimate total body water (TBW), extracellular (ECF) and intracellular (ICF) fluid volumes by repeated measurements of 16 normal men (19-38 years old) to assess which, if any, would provide the best estimates. At 3-week intervals, TBW was determined by deuterium dilution, ECF by bromide dilution, ICF by difference (TBW-ECF) and lean body mass by density. Prediction equations were obtained by regression; predicted values for the body fluid volumes were calculated and the results were statistically evaluated.

Brief communication: changes in thermogenesis and caloric efficiency with high and normal protein-reducing diets in women.

A pilot study with four women (40-60% above ideal weight, 32-42 years old) was conducted for 6 weeks of weight maintenance, 12 weeks at 50% calories (1000 and 1200 kcal/day) and 6 weeks of weight maintenance after weight loss. Two women consumed 17% and two 32% of their calories from protein during restriction; their energy metabolism and body composition changes were examined. The use of doubly labeled water for measuring energy expenditure during weight loss was evaluated.

Physiological and biochemical variables associated with body fat loss in overweight women.

During a weight loss study conducted on a metabolic unit, five women lost an average of 8.7 +/- 0.7 kg of body fat mass (FM) with a 12 week treatment of low energy diet plus exercise.

Energy expenditure and physical performance in overweight women: response to training with and without caloric restriction.

The metabolic effects of exercise training and the influence of a moderate calorie restriction on the training response were examined in overweight women. Ten healthy women, 119% to 141% of desirable weight, completed the 14-week study. After a 2-week stabilization period, in which diets were designed to maintain body weight (BW), five women were assigned to a 12-week experimental program of diet and exercise (D + EX) that included a 50% reduction in energy intake and a program of moderate intensity aerobic exercise 6 days per week.

The effect of exercise on energy intake and body composition in overweight women.

Twelve moderately overweight women with mild obesity were studied to determine the effect of exercise on nutrient intake and body composition. The women, 16 to 42 percent above desired body weight (BW) and 30 to 41 percent body fat, rotated through three 18-day treatment periods: no exercise (NO-EX), moderate duration exercise (M-EX), and long duration exercise (L-EX). Daily exercise was prescribed to increase energy expenditure by 12.

[Autotransfusion in elective surgery. Preliminary report on 215 cases].

Two-hundred and fifteen number of patients are presented, who underwent surgical procedures with the support of autologous blood transfusions. The latter have many advantages over traditional allogenic transfusions, such as diminished risk of infections, absence of blood compatibility problems and deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis, through a preoperative controlled state of hemodilution. We have opted for a pre-operative technique, with harvest of blood, obtained before surgery, at quantity of 350 ml each 4 to 5 days.

Use of total-body electrical conductivity for monitoring body composition changes during weight reduction.

The ability of a new total-body electrical conductivity instrument (TOBEC) to monitor changes in body composition during weight reduction was examined. Twelve moderately overweight women were confined to a metabolic unit for a period of 8 wk, 2-wk baseline and 6-wk reduction periods, during which changes in body composition were assessed by densitometry and hydrometry. Additionally, TOBEC measures were taken to predict lean body mass (LBM) changes.

Diet, exercise, weight loss, and energy expenditure in moderately overweight women.

The effect of a moderate energy intake plus exercise (MEEX) vs a low energy intake without exercise (LESD) on weight loss and energy expenditure was examined in two groups of moderately overweight women confined to a metabolic unit. An initial 2-week baseline period was used to determine weight maintenance energy requirement (ER). This was followed by a 6-week weight reduction period.

Effect of energy and protein intake and exercise intensity on the thermic effect of food.

The effect of energy content and protein concentration of a test meal and exercise intensity on the thermic effect of food (TEF) was examined. TEF was measured in eight men in response to meals representing 15, 30, and 45% of daily energy requirement; protein concentrations of 15, 30, and 45% of energy of the meal, and exercise intensities of 35, 50, and 65% of maximum capacity. In response to energy content of the meals, total 3-h TEF (mean +/- SEM) 4.