Dementia is a health priority for Indigenous peoples. Here, we reviewed studies on the prevalence of dementia or cognitive impairment among Indigenous populations from countries with a very high Human Development Index (≥0·8). Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute risk-of-bias tool and CONSolIDated critERia for strengthening the reporting of health research involving Indigenous peoples (CONSIDER), with oversight provided by an Indigenous Advisory Board.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe gut microbiome has a well-documented relationship with host fitness, physiology, and behavior. However, most of what is known comes from captive animals where diets and environments are more homogeneous or controlled. Studies in wild populations that experience dynamic environments and have natural life history variation are less common but are key to understanding the drivers of variation in the gut microbiome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Although the incidence and case-fatality of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) vary within countries, few countries have reported nationwide rates, especially for multi-ethnic populations. We assessed the nationwide incidence and case-fatality of SAH in New Zealand (NZ) and explored variations by sex, district, ethnicity and time.
Methods: We used administrative health data from the national hospital discharge and cause-of-death collections to identify hospitalised and fatal non-hospitalised aneurysmal SAHs in NZ between 2001 and 2018.
Animal gut microbiomes are critical to host physiology and fitness. The gut microbiomes of fishes-the most abundant and diverse vertebrate clade-have received little attention relative to other clades. Coral reef fishes, in particular, make up a wide range of evolutionary histories and feeding ecologies that are likely associated with gut microbiome diversity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeagrasses provide critical ecosystem services but cumulative human pressure on coastal environments has seen a global decline in their health and extent. Key processes of anthropogenic disturbance can operate at local spatio-temporal scales that are not captured by conventional satellite imaging. Seagrass management strategies to prevent longer-term loss and ensure successful restoration require effective methods for monitoring these fine-scale changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Patient outcome after stroke is frequently assessed with clinical scales such as the modified Rankin Scale score (mRS). Days alive and out of hospital at 90 days (DAOH-90), which measures survival, time spent in hospital or rehabilitation settings, readmission and institutionalization, is an objective outcome measure that can be obtained from large administrative data sets without the need for patient contact. We aimed to assess the comparability of DAOH with mRS and its relationship with other prognostic variables after acute stroke reperfusion therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Purpose: Infarcts in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients may continue to grow even after reperfusion, due to mechanisms such as microvascular obstruction and reperfusion injury. We investigated whether and how much infarcts grow in AIS patients after near-complete (expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [eTICI] 2c/3) reperfusion following endovascular treatment (EVT), and to assess the association of post-reperfusion infarct growth with clinical outcomes.
Methods: Data are from a single-center retrospective observational cohort study that included AIS patients undergoing EVT with near-complete reperfusion who received diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 2 hours post-EVT and 24 hours after EVT.
The assessment of bone marrow iron stores is typically performed on an aspirate smear slide that has been manually stained by a technologist using a commercially available kit. This approach can contribute to inconsistent results and limit the broad use of iron staining in bone marrow specimens, particularly when laboratories have low staffing and/or high specimen volumes. Here, we describe the adaptation and validation of the Ventana Benchmark automated stainer and iron stain kit for routine clinical use of staining iron in bone marrow aspirate smear slides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Individuals with minor ischaemic stroke and intracranial occlusion are at increased risk of poor outcomes. Intravenous thrombolysis with tenecteplase might improve outcomes in this population. We aimed to test the superiority of intravenous tenecteplase over non-thrombolytic standard of care in patients with minor ischaemic stroke and intracranial occlusion or focal perfusion abnormality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Almost half of acute ischemic stroke patients present with mild symptoms and there are large practice variations in their treatment globally. Individuals with an intracranial occlusion who present with minor stroke are at an increased risk of early neurological deterioration and poor outcomes. Individual patient data meta-analysis in the subgroup of patients with minor deficits showed benefit of alteplase in improving outcomes; however, this benefit has not been seen with intravenous alteplase in published randomized trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and confocal fluorescence studies of a porphyrin-based photosensitiser (meso-tetraphenylporphine disulfonate: TPPS) were evaluated in 2D monolayer cultures and 3D compressed collagen constructs of a human ovarian cancer cell line (HEY). TPPS is known to be an effective model photosensitiser for both Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Photochemical Internalisation (PCI). This microspectrofluorimetric study aimed firstly to investigate the uptake and subcellular localisation of TPPS, and evaluate the photo-oxidative mechanism using reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation probes combined with appropriate ROS scavengers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCompared to aquatic ecosystem, terrestrial systems have been subjected to fewer investigations on the exposure to halogenated flame retardants (HFRs). Our study utilized peregrine falcon eggs collected from multiple habitats across North America to retrospectively explore both spatial distribution and temporal changes in legacy (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Deep learning using clinical and imaging data may improve pre-treatment prognostication in ischemic stroke patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).
Methods: Deep learning models were trained and tested on baseline clinical and imaging (CT head and CT angiography) data to predict 3-month functional outcomes in stroke patients who underwent EVT. Classical machine learning models (logistic regression and random forest classifiers) were constructed to compare their performance with the deep learning models.
Human impacts are dramatically changing ecological communities, motivating research on resilience. Tropical reefs are increasingly undergoing transitions to short algal turf, a successional community that mediates either recovery to coral by allowing recruitment or transitions to longer turf/macroalgae. Intense herbivory limits turf height; subsequently, overfishing erodes resilience of the desirable coral-dominated reef state.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aims: Stroke is a leading cause of death in Aotearoa (New Zealand), and stroke reperfusion therapy is a key intervention. Sex differences in stroke care have previously been asserted internationally. This study assessed potential differences in stroke reperfusion rates and quality metrics by sex in Aotearoa (New Zealand).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesion expansion after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is not well characterized. We used serial diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure lesion expansion between 2 and 24 h after EVT.
Methods: In this single-center observational analysis of patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion, DWI was performed post-EVT (< 2 h after closure) and 24-h later.