Cardiovascular Health Trajectories and Elevated C-Reactive Protein: The CARDIA Study.

Background The relationship between long-term cardiovascular health (CVH) patterns and elevated CRP (C-reactive protein) in late middle age has yet to be investigated. We aimed to assess this relationship. Methods and Results Individual CVH components were measured in 4405 Black and White men and women (aged 18-30 years at baseline) in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study at 8 examinations over 25 years.

Quantitative Proteomic Map of Enzymes and Transporters in the Human Kidney: Stepping Closer to Mechanistic Kidney Models to Define Local Kinetics.

The applications of translational modeling of local drug concentrations in various organs had a sharp increase over the last decade. These are part of the model-informed drug development initiative, adopted by the pharmaceutical industry and promoted by drug regulatory agencies. With respect to the kidney, the models serve as a bridge for understanding animal vs.

Predictors of mood, diabetes-specific and COVID-19-specific experiences among parents of early school-age children with type 1 diabetes during initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The current study explored pre-pandemic sociodemographics, medical characteristics, social/family support, and mood symptoms, and current COVID-19 experiences as predictors of mood, positive/negative diabetes-specific experiences, and COVID-19-specific distress among parents of children with type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that parents from marginalized backgrounds, youth with higher pre-pandemic A1c and no CGM use, parents with lower pre-pandemic social/family support and more pre-pandemic mood/anxiety symptoms, and those with more negative COVID-19 experiences would have more depressive symptoms, fewer positive and more negative diabetes-specific experiences, and more COVID-19-specific distress during the initial months of the pandemic.

Research Design And Methods: Participants were parents of early school-age children with type 1 diabetes (n = 100; 65% non-Hispanic, white, 92% mothers, 75% married; M  = 6.

Adaptive shifts underlie the divergence in wing morphology in bombycoid moths.

The evolution of flapping flight is linked to the prolific success of insects. Across Insecta, wing morphology diversified, strongly impacting aerodynamic performance. In the presence of ecological opportunity, discrete adaptive shifts and early bursts are two processes hypothesized to give rise to exceptional morphological diversification.

Association of Vasopressor Choice with Clinical and Functional Outcomes Following Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study.

Background: Early hypotension following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with increased mortality and poor long-term outcomes. Current guidelines suggest the use of intravenous vasopressors to support blood pressure following TBI; however, guidelines do not specify vasopressor type, resulting in variation in clinical practice. Minimal data are available to guide clinicians on optimal early vasopressor choice to support blood pressure following TBI.

Prognostic Value of Hemorrhagic Brainstem Injury on Early Computed Tomography: A TRACK-TBI Study.

Background: Traumatic brainstem injury has yet to be incorporated into widely used imaging classification systems for traumatic brain injury (TBI), and questions remain regarding prognostic implications for this TBI subgroup. To address this, retrospective data on patients from the multicenter prospective Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI study were studied.

Methods: Patients with brainstem and cerebrum injury (BSI+) were matched by age, sex, and admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score to patients with cerebrum injuries only.

Assessing the Vulnerabilities of Vertebrate Species to Light and Noise Pollution: Expert Surveys Illuminate the Impacts on Specialist Species.

Global expansion of lighting and noise pollution alters how animals receive and interpret environmental cues. However, we lack a cross-taxon understanding of how animal traits influence species vulnerability to this growing phenomenon. This knowledge is needed to improve the design and implementation of policies that mitigate or reduce sensory pollutants.

Patterns of Continuous Glucose Monitor Use in Young Children Throughout the First 18 Months Following Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis.

To describe sociodemographic and parent psychosocial characteristics associated with patterns of continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use across the first 18 months post-type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis among young children. One hundred fifty-seven parent-child dyads enrolled in a behavioral intervention for parents of young children (1-6 years) newly diagnosed with T1D. Parents reported on baseline sociodemographic characteristics and psychosocial functioning; child CGM use was assessed at five time points during the first 18 months post-diagnosis.

Surgical Reduction of Spondylolisthesis During Lumbar Fusion: Are Complications Associated With Slip Correction?

Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to quantify the rates of complication following surgical treatment for symptomatic degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis and to examine the association between slip reduction and complication rates.

Summary Of Background Data: It is unclear if the degree of spondylolisthesis reduction during lumbar spine fusion in adults influences the rate of surgical complications.

Changes in pregnancy desire after a pregnancy scare in a random sample of young adult women in a Michigan county.

Objectives: We examined whether and how long young women became more or less likely to desire a pregnancy after experiencing a "pregnancy scare."

Study Design: We used data from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life (RDSL) study, based on a random, population-based sample of 992 young women from a county in Michigan. They were interviewed weekly for 2.

Characterisation of the serum cytokine profile in feline atopic skin syndrome.

Background: Feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) is a pruritic and inflammatory skin disease commonly encountered in cats. Three previous reports evaluated cytokine immune activation in cats diagnosed with feline allergic dermatitis. However, no significant upregulations were observed in allergic cats compared to healthy controls.

Development of a protocol to assess within-subject, regional white matter hyperintensity changes in aging and dementia.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH), associated with both dementia risk and progression, can individually progress, remain stable, or even regress influencing cognitive decline related to specific cerebrovascular-risks. This study details the development and validation of a registration protocol to assess regional, within-subject, longitudinal WMH changes (ΔWMH) that is currently lacking in the field.

New Method: 3D-FLAIR images (baseline and one-year-visit) were used for protocol development and validation.

Testing Clinical Intuitions About Barriers to Improvement in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Panic Disorder.

Although clinical intuitions influence psychotherapeutic practice and are a rich source of novel hypotheses for research, many remain to be empirically tested. This study evaluates whether clinicians' beliefs about barriers to progress in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder are supported by data. Data from a randomized-controlled trial comparing CBT to panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy (PFPP) for adults with primary panic disorder (N = 161) were used to evaluate 15 factors endorsed by clinicians as impediments to CBT in a recent survey.

Artificial night light and anthropogenic noise interact to influence bird abundance over a continental scale.

The extent of artificial night light and anthropogenic noise (i.e., "light" and "noise") impacts is global and has the capacity to threaten species across diverse ecosystems.

Characterization of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome in Arizona from 2010-2017.

In this paper, we describe a population of mothers who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth and neonates exposed to opioids in utero who experience withdrawal following birth. While there have been studies of national trends in this population, there remains a gap in studies of regional trends. Using data from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database, this study aimed to characterize the population of neonates with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and mothers who were opioid dependent at the time of giving birth, in Arizona.

Investigating patient-specific mechanisms of change in SET vs. EFT for depression: study protocol for a mechanistic randomized controlled trial.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide and one of the most heterogeneous mental health disorders. Although there are effective treatments for MDD, about 50% of patients do not respond to treatment. One of the greatest challenges in improving current treatments is identifying the mechanisms responsible for therapeutic change in MDD.

Human plasma proteomic profiles indicative of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Maximal oxygen uptake (VOmax) is a direct measure of human cardiorespiratory fitness and is associated with health. However, the molecular determinants of interindividual differences in baseline (intrinsic) VOmax, and of increases of VOmax in response to exercise training (ΔVOmax), are largely unknown. Here, we measure ~5,000 plasma proteins using an affinity-based platform in over 650 sedentary adults before and after a 20-week endurance-exercise intervention and identify 147 proteins and 102 proteins whose plasma levels are associated with baseline VOmax and ΔVOmax, respectively.

Proteomic Quantification of Changes in Abundance of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Drug Transporters in Human Liver Cirrhosis: Different Methods, Similar Outcomes.

Model-based assessment of the effects of liver disease on drug pharmacokinetics requires quantification of changes in enzymes and transporters responsible for drug metabolism and disposition. Different proteomic methods are currently used for protein quantification in tissues and in vitro systems, each with specific procedures and requirements. The outcome of quantitative proteomic assays using four different methods (one targeted and three label-free) applied to the same sample set was compared in this study.

Phantom rivers filter birds and bats by acoustic niche.

Natural sensory environments, despite strong potential for structuring systems, have been neglected in ecological theory. Here, we test the hypothesis that intense natural acoustic environments shape animal distributions and behavior by broadcasting whitewater river noise in montane riparian zones for two summers. Additionally, we use spectrally-altered river noise to explicitly test the effects of masking as a mechanism driving patterns.

Caffeinated energy drinks in the Canadian context: health risk assessment with a focus on cardiovascular effects.

In Canada, caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) currently sold under Temporary Marketing Authorizations must meet strict eligibility criteria. These criteria, which include compositional and labelling requirements, were developed based on the outcome of a health risk assessment conducted by Health Canada (HC) in 2013. HC updated its assessment by reviewing new information with the focus on potential cardiovascular effects associated with the consumption of CEDs available for sale in Canada.

Platelet number and function in response to a single intravenous dose of vincristine.

Background: Vincristine might increase circulating platelet numbers but the functional capacity of these newly released platelets is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the functionality of mature and immature (reticulated) platelets after a single intravenous dose of vincristine in dogs.

Animals: Ten healthy purpose-bred dogs.

Hepatic Scaling Factors for In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation of Metabolic Drug Clearance in Patients with Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis.

In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) linked with physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) modeling is used to predict the fates of drugs in patients. Ideally, the IVIVE-PBPK models should incorporate systems information accounting for characteristics of the specific target population. There is a paucity of such scaling factors in cancer, particularly microsomal protein per gram of liver (MPPGL) and cytosolic protein per gram of liver (CPPGL).

Association of Early Multiple Organ Dysfunction With Clinical and Functional Outcomes Over the Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Study.

Objectives: Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. While the impact of early multiple organ dysfunction syndrome has been studied in many critical care paradigms, the clinical impact of early multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in traumatic brain injury is poorly understood. We examined the incidence and impact of early multiple organ dysfunction syndrome on clinical, functional, and disability outcomes over the year following traumatic brain injury.