Functional outcomes after ankle fracture-dislocation: a systematic review.

Introduction: Ankle fractures represent a significant portion of orthopedic injuries, with fracture dislocations tending to have worse outcomes. Logsplitter fractures represent a subset of fracture dislocations in which the talus is axially wedged in the tibiofibular joint. We aim to comprehensively investigate and report on the complications and functional outcomes associated with ankle fracture-dislocations.

Chemical engineering of CRISPR-Cas systems for therapeutic application.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology has transformed molecular biology and the future of gene-targeted therapeutics. CRISPR systems comprise a CRISPR-associated (Cas) endonuclease and a guide RNA (gRNA) that can be programmed to guide sequence-specific binding, cleavage, or modification of complementary DNA or RNA. However, the application of CRISPR-based therapeutics is challenged by factors such as molecular size, prokaryotic or phage origins, and an essential gRNA cofactor requirement, which impact efficacy, delivery and safety.

Can acetabular dysplasia be measured on axial CT? A measurement for trauma surgeons.

Background: Acetabular dysplasia has been theorized as a risk factor instability amongst common acetabular fractures, such as posterior wall (PW) fractures. However, common radiographic measurements often cannot be acquired in trauma patients. We evaluated axial computed tomography (CT) scans to identify novel, easily-obtained measurements that correlate with acetabular dysplasia for use in surgical indications and planning.

Satellite glial cell manipulation prior to axotomy enhances developing dorsal root ganglion central branch regrowth into the spinal cord.

The central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS, respectively) exhibit remarkable diversity in the capacity to regenerate following neuronal injury with PNS injuries being much more likely to regenerate than those that occur in the CNS. Glial responses to damage greatly influence the likelihood of regeneration by either promoting or inhibiting axonal regrowth over time. However, despite our understanding of how some glial lineages participate in nerve degeneration and regeneration, less is known about the contributions of peripheral satellite glial cells (SGC) to regeneration failure following central axon branch injury of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons.

Identification of the Incisive Branch of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve of Edentulous Mandibles Using Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography.

This study explored the average length of the incisive branch (IB) of the inferior alveolar nerve on cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) with regard to patient demographics in patients with edentulous mandibles. CBCT was used in a retrospective study of edentulous mandibles to assess the presence and anatomical variation for the IB. Three independent observers measured bilateral IB lengths.

Acetabular dysplasia and posterior wall fractures: The missing link?

Background: Traumatologists are unable to predict hip instability based on CT scans and standard radiographs in posterior wall (PW) fractures comprising <50-60 % of the wall, necessitating an examination under anesthesia (EUA). Risk factors for instability have not been clarified, but acetabular dysplasia has been theorized as a potential etiology. Unfortunately, dysplasia is difficult to evaluate in the traumatic setting.

Identification of the Incisive Branch of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve of Edentulous Mandibles Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

This study explored the average length of the incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) regarding patient demographics in patients with edentulous mandibles. CBCT was utilized in a retrospective study of edentulous mandibles to assess the presence and anatomical variation for the incisive branch (IB). Three independent observers measured bilateral IB lengths.

The Relationship of Low-Serum Vitamin D and Early Dental Implant Failure.

The study is aimed to assess the effects of serum vitamin D levels and their relationship to early dental implant failures. A total of 174 implants in 109 patients were placed and serum vitamin D levels were noted on the day of implant placement. Implants were followed up until restoration, approximately 3-6 months later, and any implant failure was reported based on 50% or more bone loss or implant mobility.

Evaluating circulating tumour cell enrichment techniques to establish an appropriate method for clinical application in glioblastomas.

Brain tumours reduce life expectancy for an average of 20 years per patient, the highest of any cancer. A third of brain tumour patients visit their GP at least five times before diagnosis and many of those are diagnosed late through emergency departments. A possible solution to this challenge is to utilise a "liquid biopsy" blood test designed for circulating tumour cells (CTCs).

Enrichment of Membrane Proteins for Downstream Analysis Using Styrene Maleic Acid Lipid Particles (SMALPs) Extraction.

Integral membrane proteins are an important class of cellular proteins. These take part in key cellular processes such as signaling transducing receptors to transporters, many operating within the plasma membrane. More than half of the FDA-approved protein-targeting drugs operate via interaction with proteins that contain at least one membrane-spanning region, yet the characterization and study of their native interactions with therapeutic agents remains a significant challenge.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 and glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa: Potential biomarkers affect prognosis in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients.

Background: The overall survival of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients is poor despite best available treatments. There is an urgent need for new biomarkers to inform more precise disease stratification. Previous studies have identified insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) as a potential biomarker for glioblastoma diagnosis and therapeutic targeting.

Binding to the conserved and stably folded guide RNA pseudoknot induces Cas12a conformational changes during ribonucleoprotein assembly.

Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) comprise one or more RNA and protein molecules that interact to form a stable complex, which commonly involves conformational changes in the more flexible RNA components. Here, we propose that Cas12a RNP assembly with its cognate CRISPR RNA (crRNA) guide instead proceeds primarily through Cas12a conformational changes during binding to more stable, prefolded crRNA 5' pseudoknot handles. Phylogenetic reconstructions and sequence and structure alignments revealed that the Cas12a proteins are divergent in sequence and structure while the crRNA 5' repeat region, which folds into a pseudoknot and anchors binding to Cas12a, is highly conserved.

Electrophysiological signature of the interplay between habits and inhibition in response to smoking-related cues in individuals with a smoking habit: An event-related potential study.

The rigid, stimulus-bound nature of drug seeking that characterizes substance use disorder (SUD) has been related to a dysregulation of motivational and early attentional reflexive and inhibitory reflective systems. However, the mechanisms by which these systems are engaged by drug-paired conditioned stimuli (CSs) when they promote the enactment of seeking habits in individuals with a SUD have not been elucidated. The present study aimed behaviourally and electrophysiologically to characterize the nature of the interaction between the reflexive and reflective systems recruited by CSs in individuals with a smoking habit.

Are eye movements and EEG on the same page?: A coregistration study on parafoveal preview and lexical frequency.

Readers extract visual and linguistic information not only from fixated words but also upcoming parafoveal words to introduce new input efficiently into the language processing pipeline. The lexical frequency of upcoming words and similarity with subsequent foveal information both influence the amount of time people spend once they fixate the word foveally. However, it is unclear from eye movements alone the extent to which parafoveal word processing, and the integration of that word with foveally obtained information, continues after saccade plans have been initiated.

Deltoid ligament repair versus trans-syndesmotic fixation for bimalleolar equivalent ankle fractures.

Introduction: The role of deltoid ligament repair is controversial in the treatment of bimalleolar equivalent ankle injuries. Our purpose was to compare midterm functional outcomes and reoperation rates of unstable distal fibula fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of the fibula and either deltoid ligament repair, trans-syndesmotic fixation, or combined fixation.

Methods: Skeletally mature subjects were retrospectively identified after fixation of isolated unstable distal fibula fractures treated at a single academic level 1 hospital from January 2005 to May 2019.

Glial Patchwork: Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells and Astrocytes Blanket the Central Nervous System.

Tiling is a developmental process where cell populations become evenly distributed throughout a tissue. In this review, we discuss the developmental cellular tiling behaviors of the two major glial populations in the central nervous system (CNS)-oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and astrocytes. First, we discuss OPC tiling in the spinal cord, which is comprised of the three cellular behaviors of migration, proliferation, and contact-mediated repulsion (CMR).

Semantic parafoveal processing in natural reading: Insight from fixation-related potentials & eye movements.

Prior research suggests that we may access the meaning of parafoveal words during reading. We explored how semantic-plausibility parafoveal processing takes place in natural reading through the co-registration of eye movements (EM) and fixation-related potentials (FRPs), using the boundary paradigm. We replicated previous evidence of semantic parafoveal processing from highly controlled reading situations, extending their findings to more ecologically valid reading scenarios.

Growth Modulation by Stimulating the Growth Plate: A Pilot Study.

This study investigates the ability of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) or direct injection of recombinant growth hormone (rGH) to stimulate local growth of long bones. In a randomized controlled animal trial, healthy immature rabbits were allocated to 1 of the following 4 conditions: epiphyseal rGH periosteal injection, transdermal LIPUS, saline periosteal injection, or no treatment. New bone deposition was labeled with calcein at days 1 and 18, and microscopic measurements of growth were conducted by blinded observers.

Advanced Molecular Characterization Using Digital Spatial Profiling Technology on Immunooncology Targets in Methylated Compared with Unmethylated IDH-Wildtype Glioblastoma.

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary adult brain tumour with a median overall survival (OS) of 12-15 months. Molecular characterization of multiple immunooncology targets in GBM may help target novel immunotherapeutic strategies. We used NanoString GeoMx® Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) to assess multiple immunooncology protein targets in methylated versus unmethylated IDH-wild-type glioblastoma.

Effect of surface topography on in vitro osteoblast function and mechanical performance of 3D printed titanium.

Critical-sized defects remain a significant challenge in orthopaedics. 3D printed scaffolds are a promising treatment but are still limited due to inconsistent osseous integration. The goal of the study is to understand how changing the surface roughness of 3D printed titanium either by surface treatment or artificially printing rough topography impacts the mechanical and biological properties of 3D printed titanium.

Cross-linguistic semantic preview benefit in Basque-Spanish bilingual readers: Evidence from fixation-related potentials.

During reading, we can process and integrate information from words allocated in the parafoveal region. However, whether we extract and process the meaning of parafoveal words is still under debate. Here, we obtained Fixation-Related Potentials in a Basque-Spanish bilingual sample during a Spanish reading task.

Compressive anisotropy of sheet and strut based porous Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds.

Porous metallic scaffolds show promise in orthopedic applications due to favorable mechanical and biological properties. In vivo stress conditions on orthopedic implants are complex, often including multiaxial loading across off axis orientations. In this study, unit cell orientation was rotated in the XZ plane of a strut-based architecture, Diamond Crystal, and two sheet-based, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) architectures, Schwartz D and Gyroid.

Exploring the temporal dynamics of speech production with EEG and group ICA.

Speech production is a complex skill whose neural implementation relies on a large number of different regions in the brain. How neural activity in these different regions varies as a function of time during the production of speech remains poorly understood. Previous MEG studies on this topic have concluded that activity proceeds from posterior to anterior regions of the brain in a sequential manner.