Medical Students' Perceptions on the Role of Pharmacists.

Background:: Over the last decade, the pharmacists' role in health-care services has evolved and expanded to include more direct patient care and disease management services.

Objective:: To evaluate medical students' perceptions on pharmacists, their role in health care, and demographic or experiential factors that influenced the medical students' opinions.

Methods:: Medical students, at a Midwest, academic medical center, were solicited to complete a cross-sectional, web-based survey consisting of 3 domains: basic demographics, knowledge of the pharmacy profession, and opinions of pharmacists.

Real-time changes in hippocampal energy demands during a spatial working memory task.

Activity-dependent changes in hippocampal energy consumption have largely been determined using microdialysis. However, real-time recordings of brain energy consumption can be more accurately achieved using amperometric sensors, allowing for sensitive real-time monitoring of concentration changes. Here, we test the theory that systemic pre-treatment with glucose in rats prevents activity-dependent decreases in hippocampal glucose levels and thus enhances their performance in a spontaneous alternation task.

Pharmacy Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Medical Marijuana.

Objective: To determine pharmacy students' knowledge of and attitudes toward medical marijuana and to determine if pharmacy students need additional education on the topic.

Methods: Pharmacy students were asked to complete a survey on medical marijuana that assessed their knowledge of, medical uses of, adverse effects with, and attitudes toward medical marijuana through 23 Likert-scale questions.

Results: Three hundred eleven students completed the survey.

The Adolescent Intensive Management Team: an intensive outreach mental health service for high-risk adolescents.

Objective: The aim of this paper was to describe the Adolescent Intensive Management (AIM) team at the Austin Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS), a unique model of intensive outreach service with high-risk and difficult-to-engage adolescents, and describe the profile of clients referred to it.

Method: This study used a retrospective review of clients' data, collected through file audit, over a 12-month period.

Results: The result of the study showed that a 100% retention rate of adolescents with complex social, emotional and mental health needs is possible in a flexible and multi-system approach to service provision.

Reduction of plasma sCD40L and stimulated MIP-1-alpha production by in vivo beta-adrenergic stimulation.

Background: beta-Adrenergic receptor stimulation appears to have contrasting effects on inflammatory processes.

Methods: In 25 healthy volunteers we examined the effects of a 20-min isoproterenol infusion (20 ng/kg/min) on systemic and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) production of LPS-stimulated inflammatory mediators.

Results: Plasma soluble CD40 ligand and stimulated MIP-1alpha production were both reduced (p < or = 0.

Gene expression profiling of the hypoxia signaling pathway in hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha null mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

Hypoxia is defined as a deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body, and it plays a critical role in development and pathological conditions, such as cancer. Once tumors outgrow their blood supply, their central portion becomes hypoxic and the tumor stimulates angiogenesis through the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIFs are transcription factors that are regulated in an oxygen-dependent manner by a group of prolyl hydroxylases (known as PHDs or HPHs).