S2k-Guideline Non-hormonal Contraception, Part 2: Intrauterine Devices and Sterilization: Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015 - 095, January 2024).

This official guideline was published and coordinated by the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG with the involvement of other medical societies. The aim was to provide a consensus-based overview of non-hormonal forms of contraception based on an evaluation of the relevant literature. The first part of these summarized statements and recommendations presents natural family planning methods such as lactational amenorrhea, barrier methods and coitus interruptus.

S2k-Guideline Non-hormonal Contraception, Part 1: Natural Family Planning, Lactational Amenorrhea, Barrier Methods, Coitus Interruptus: Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015 - 095, January 2024).

This official guideline was published and coordinated by the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG with the involvement of other medical societies. The aim was to provide a consensus-based overview of non-hormonal forms of contraception based on an evaluation of the relevant literature. The first part of these summarized statements and recommendations presents natural family planning methods such as lactational amenorrhea, barrier methods and coitus interruptus.

A comparison of metabolic health parameters in ICSI-conceived and naturally conceived adolescents.

Research Question: Are there differences in the cardiometabolic health of ICSI-conceived adolescents compared with a control group, taking parental risk factors into account?

Design: ICSI-conceived adolescents (n = 272), their mothers (n = 273) and naturally conceived control adolescents (n = 273) and their mothers (n = 273) provided a blood test and answered a health-related questionnaire. The adolescents also attended a physical examination.

Results: ICSI-conceived males showed significantly higher mean weight (72.

Serum estradiol and progesterone in the mid-luteal phase predict clinical pregnancy outcome in IVF/ICSI cycles.

In this prospective study, we tested the hypothesis if E2 and P serum levels significantly differ during the luteal phase following in vitro-fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) therapy in conception (CC) versus non-conception (NC) cycles, and their potential in the prediction of pregnancy at the earliest point in time. Serum was sampled from the day of embryo transfer (ET) and throughout the luteal phase until ET + 14 from patients consecutively enrolling for IVF/ICSI therapy. The luteal phase was supported by vaginal P suppositories only, clinical pregnancies were detected by ultrasound and followed up until the 20th week.

FSH prevents depletion of the resting follicle pool by promoting follicular number and morphology in fresh and cryopreserved primate ovarian tissues following xenografting.

Background: Cryopreservation and transplantation of ovarian tissue is one option for re-establishing ovarian function, but optimal conditions for graft sustainment and follicular survival are still considered experimental. The present study aims to analyze the effect of FSH treatment on the resting follicle pool in fresh and cryopreserved primate ovarian tissues following xenografting.

Methods: Ovarian tissues from adult marmosets were grafted freshly or following cryopreservation to ovarectomized nude mice treated with FSH 25 IU twice daily post transplantation or left untreated as controls.

An integrated view on the luteal phase: diagnosis and treatment in subfertility.

The term 'luteal phase deficiency' was first coined more than 60 years ago, and, since then, it has been suggested as a clinical entity per se and an aetiological factor for subfertility, implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage. Despite the existing recommendations for rational work-up in subfertility, luteal phase evaluation and progesterone therapy alone is still common in daily practice. This review comprises results from a Pubmed literature search with the terms 'luteal phase' and 'subfertility', focussing on clinical situations not primarily related to assisted reproduction techniques.

Effects of the FSH receptor gene polymorphism p.N680S on cAMP and steroid production in cultured primary human granulosa cells.

The study was designed to evaluate in vitro the cellular mechanisms of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) p.N680S of the FSH receptor gene (FSHR) in human granulosa cells (GC) and included patients homozygous for the FSHR SNP (NN/SS) undergoing ovarian stimulation. GC were isolated during oocyte retrieval and cultured for 1–7 days.

Advanced follicle development in xenografted prepubertal ovarian tissue: the common marmoset as a nonhuman primate model for ovarian tissue transplantation.

Objective: To establish a nonhuman primate model addressing follicular development in cryopreserved prepubertal ovarian tissue after xenografting.

Design: Experimental study.

Setting: Academic research center.

Androgens and insulin--two key players in polycystic ovary syndrome. Recent concepts in the pathophysiology and genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Androgens and insulin are endocrine key players in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a heterogenic condition of unexplained etiology and a suspected genetic background. Androgens mediate the clinical phenotype of the disease. Therefore,all criteria of the recent PCOS consensus definition are based on their biological effects.

Preterm birth but not mode of delivery is associated with an increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease later in life.

Background: Exposure to bacterial antigens and other environmental factors in combination with a genetic susceptibility have been implicated in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As certain perinatal circumstances, e.g.

Anti-Müllerian hormone and anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor polymorphisms are associated with follicular phase estradiol levels in normo-ovulatory women.

Background: In mice, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) inhibits primordial follicle recruitment and decreases FSH sensitivity. Little is known about the role of AMH in human ovarian physiology. We hypothesize that in women AMH has a similar role in ovarian function as in mice and investigated this using a genetic approach.

Relationship of cytoplasmic droplets to motility, migration in mucus, and volume regulation of human spermatozoa.

A significantly greater percentage of motile than immotile spermatozoa bore droplets at the osmolality of semen and cervical mucus. The percentage of spermatozoa with droplets was not significantly correlated with the osmolality of semen or the extent of cell swelling in response to quinine in hypotonic medium. Droplets appeared slightly more frequently (ie, were more obvious) in the presence of quinine, which blocks regulatory volume decrease, indicating that they are the major site of volume expansion.

Metformin alters insulin signaling and viability of human granulosa cells.

Objective: To study whether insulin signaling pathways in the ovary are altered by metformin.

Design: In vitro human granulosa cell culture system.

Setting: Academic research environment.

Differences in serum LH and FSH levels using depot or daily GnRH agonists in controlled ovarian stimulation: influence on ovarian response and outcome of ART.

Purpose: To study effects of endogenous LH levels on ovarian response and outcome in ART cycles a controlled study was performed with two patient groups differing in the intensity of pituitary downregulation.

Methods: Group I (n = 27) received 3.75 mg of the GnRH agonist triptorelin acetate depot, group II (n = 54) was given 0.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region influence the expression of the human follicle-stimulating hormone receptor.

Objective: To characterize novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human FSH receptor (FSHR) promoter region.

Design: Retrospective and basic research study.

Setting: University hospital.

Significance of a common single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 10 of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor gene for the ovarian response to FSH: a pharmacogenetic approach to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

The p.N680S sequence variation of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor gene was previously shown to influence the ovarian response to FSH in normo-ovulatory women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. In this prospective, randomized, controlled study, we tested whether the same daily dose of FSH results in lower levels of oestradiol in women homozygous for the p.

Lipoprotein (a) and other prothrombotic risk factors in Caucasian women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage. Results of a multicentre case-control study.

From 1998 to 2003, 133 Caucasian women aged 17-40 years (median 29 years) suffering from unexplained recurrent miscarriage (uRM) were consecutively enrolled. In patients and 133 age-matched healthy controls prothrombotic risk factors (factor V (FV) G1691A, factor II (FII) G20210A, MTHFR T677T, 4G/5G plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, lipoprotein (Lp) (a), protein C (PC), protein S (PS), antithrombin (AT), antiphospholipid/anticardiolipin (APA/ACA) antibodies) as well as associated environmental conditions (smoking and obesity) were investigated. 70 (52.

Overexpression of Endothelin-A-receptor in breast cancer: regulation by estradiol and cobalt-chloride induced hypoxia.

Previous studies have demonstrated the potential significance of Endothelin (ET)-1 and its receptors, ETAR and ETBR, in the development and progression of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the expression levels and potential regulation of the "ET axis" in human non-neoplastic and neoplastic breast tissue as well as in various human breast cancer cell lines. Expression of ET-1, ETAR and ETBR was evaluated in 31 neoplastic and 7 non-neoplastic breast tissue samples and in six human breast cancer cell lines using conventional and quantitative real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Association of inhibin B serum levels with parameters of follicular response in a randomized controlled trial comparing gnRH agonist versus antagonist protocols for ovarian hyperstimulation.

Purpose: To study the association of inhibin B with ovarian response to FSH stimulation, applying either GnRH agonist or antagonist.

Methods: In a prospective randomized controlled trial, 46 patients undergoing COH received either triptorelin (group I, n = 15) or ganirelix (group II, n = 31). Parameters of follicular response and inhibin B serum levels were assessed.

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-a production in rat granulosa cells: stimulation by follicle-stimulating hormone and inhibition by the oocyte-derived bone morphogenetic protein-15.

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is the major IGF binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) protease in follicular fluid, consistent with its proposed role in folliculogenesis. Despite growing interest, almost nothing is known about how PAPP-A expression is regulated in any tissue. Here we show that FSH and oocytes regulate PAPP-A expression in granulosa cells (GCs).