Association between measured teamwork and medical errors: an observational study of prehospital care in the USA.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between measured teamwork and adverse safety events in the prehospital emergency care of children using high-fidelity simulation. We posit that non-technical skills such as leadership, teamwork, situation awareness and decision-making are associated with the clinical success of teams.

Design: Observational study.

Implicit gender bias among US resident physicians.

Background: The purpose of this study was to characterize implicit gender bias among residents in US Emergency Medicine and OB/GYN residencies.

Methods: We conducted a survey of all allopathic Emergency Medicine and OB/GYN residency programs including questions about leadership as well as an implicit association test (IAT) for unconscious gender bias. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the Likert-type survey responses and used standard IAT analysis methods.

Reliability and Usability of a 7-Minute Chart Review Tool to Identify Pediatric Prehospital Adverse Safety Events.

Background And Objectives: Although medical errors in the hospital are a recognized source of morbidity and mortality, less is known about safety events in the prehospital care of children. As part of a multiphase study, we developed and evaluated the reliability and usability of the pediatric prehospital safety event detection system (PEDS), a tool used to identify safety events in prehospital care.

Methods: The tool was based on hospital chart review tools, literature review, and results from focus groups and a national Delphi survey.

Safety Events in High Risk Prehospital Neonatal Calls.

Objective: The objective of this study was to quantify and characterize patient safety events during high-risk neonatal transports in the prehospital setting.

Method: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all "lights and sirens" ambulance transports of neonates ≤30 days old over a four-year period in a metropolitan area. Each case was independently reviewed for potential patient safety events that may have occurred in clinical assessment and decision making, resuscitation, airway management, fluid or medication administration, procedures performed, and/or equipment used.

Safety events in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the types of patient safety events that take place during pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation.

Methods: Retrospective medical record review from a single large urban EMS system of EMS-treated pediatric (<18years of age) out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) occurring between 2008 and 2011. A chart review tool was developed for this project and each chart was reviewed by a multidisciplinary review panel.

Unnecessary Use of Red Lights and Sirens in Pediatric Transport.

Introduction: Approximately 25.5 million pediatric patients are treated in Emergency Departments around the United States annually. Roughly 7% of these patients are transported by ambulance; of these, approximately 7% arrive in ambulances running red lights and sirens (RLS).