High-intensity interval versus moderate-intensity continuous cycling training in Parkinson's disease: a randomized trial.

Exercise training is recommended to improve the quality of life in those living with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the optimal prescription to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and disease-related motor symptoms remains unknown. Twenty-nine participants with PD were randomly allocated to either 10 wk of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) ( = 15; 6 female) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) ( = 14; 5 female). The primary outcome was the change in maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o).

Investigating Voice as a Biomarker for Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2-Associated Parkinson's Disease.

We investigate the potential association between leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations and voice. Sustained phonations ('aaah' sounds) were recorded from 7 individuals with LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease (PD), 17 participants with idiopathic PD (iPD), 20 non-manifesting LRRK2-mutation carriers, 25 related non-carriers, and 26 controls. In distinguishing LRRK2-associated PD and iPD, the mean sensitivity was 95.

Clustering of motor and nonmotor traits in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 G2019S Parkinson's disease nonparkinsonian relatives: A multicenter family study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine phenotypic features that differentiate nonparkinsonian first-degree relatives of PD leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S multiplex families, regardless of carrier status, from healthy controls because nonparkinsonian individuals in multiplex families seem to share a propensity to present neurological features.

Methods: We included nonparkinsonian first-degree relatives of LRRK2 G2019S familial PD cases and unrelated healthy controls participating in established multiplex family LRRK2 cohorts. Study participants underwent neurologic assessment including cognitive screening, olfaction testing, and questionnaires for daytime sleepiness, depression, and anxiety.

Actigraphy Detects Greater Intra-Individual Variability During Gait in Non-Manifesting LRRK2 Mutation Carriers.

Background: With recent advances in the search for disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) the importance of identifying prodromal markers becomes greater. Non-manifesting LRRK2 mutation carriers (NMC) are at risk for developing PD, and provide a population in which to identify possible markers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that NMC have differences in daily activity, fragmentation of sleep, arm swing asymmetry, and movement variability during walking, detectable by actigraphy, as compared to matched control subjects.

Heart rate variability in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2-associated Parkinson's disease.

Background: Heart rate variability is reduced in idiopathic PD, indicating cardiac autonomic dysfunction likely resulting from peripheral autonomic synucleinopathy. Little is known about heart rate variability in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2-associated PD.

Objectives: This study investigated heart rate variability in LRRK2-associated PD.

Famotidine, a Histamine H Receptor Antagonist, Does Not Reduce Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

The neural mechanisms underlying levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD) may involve histamine (H) receptors on striatopallidal pathways. We recently demonstrated that the clinically available oral histamine H receptor antagonist (H RA), famotidine, can reduce l-dopa-induced chorea in MPTP-lesioned macaques. We hypothesized that famotidine may be useful in the treatment of LID in PD patients.

Pharmacological treatment of Parkinson disease: a review.

Importance: Parkinson disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Although no available therapies alter the underlying neurodegenerative process, symptomatic therapies can improve patient quality of life.

Objective: To provide an evidence-based review of the initial pharmacological management of the classic motor symptoms of Parkinson disease; describe management of medication-related motor complications (such as motor fluctuations and dyskinesia), and other medication adverse effects (nausea, psychosis, and impulse control disorders and related behaviors); and discuss the management of selected nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson disease, including rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, cognitive impairment, depression, orthostatic hypotension, and sialorrhea.

Drug treatments for the neuropsychiatric complications of Parkinson's disease.

Psychiatric symptoms are now well described in Parkinson's disease (PD). Most are due to the disease pathology with exacerbation caused by dopaminergic treatment. Anxiety and depression may predate the onset of motor symptoms and can continue to occur with advancing disease.

MELAS syndrome, cardiomyopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and autism associated with the A3260G mitochondrial DNA mutation.

The A to G transition mutation at position 3260 of the mitochondrial genome is usually associated with cardiomyopathy and myopathy. One Japanese kindred reported the phenotype of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS syndrome) in association with the A3260G mtDNA mutation. We describe the first Caucasian cases of MELAS syndrome associated with the A3260G mutation.

A meta-analysis of published literature on waist-to-hip ratio and risk of breast cancer.

Epidemiological studies have identified body weight as a risk factor for breast cancer. Beyond the amount of adipose tissue a woman has, its distribution, particularly abdominally, may be a risk factor in breast cancer etiology. Body fat distribution is commonly measured by a waist-to-hip circumference ratio lpar;WHR).