[Anaesthesia in endoscopic and percutaneous procedures in cardio-thoracic and cardiovascular interventions, part 2 - endoscopic thoracic interventions and endovascular percutaneous aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR)].

Despite the ongoing further development of high definition imaging techniques (CT, MRI), mediastinoscopy and thoracoscopy remain essential instruments e.g. for extracting mediastinal lymph nodes allowing further histological diagnostics, or increasingly complex thoracoscopic procedures.

[Anesthesia in endoscopic and percutaneous procedures in cardio-thoracic and cardiovascular interventions, Part 1-- percutaneous aortic valve replacement and mitral valve repair].

Further development of surgical techniques and instruments provide complex endoscopic or transcatheter guided interventions in thoracic organs. However, minimalinvasive surgery does not mean minimalinvasive anaesthesia. Particularly concerning cardiothoracic surgery, complex endoscopic procedures represent a challenge to the anaesthesiological management.

Soluble triggering receptor on myeloid cells-1 is expressed in the course of non-infectious inflammation after traumatic lung contusion: a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is known to be expressed during bacterial infections. We investigated whether TREM-1 is also expressed in non-infectious inflammation following traumatic lung contusion.

Methods: In a study population of 45 adult patients with multiple trauma and lung contusion, we obtained bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (blind suctioning of 20 ml NaCl (0.