Dimethylarginines as risk markers of atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Nephrotic syndrome in children is commonly associated with dyslipidemia, which is considered a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Recently new markers of endothelial dysfunction, such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), have gained importance. Another L-arginine derivative--symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA)--may reflect the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Retrospective cohort study of familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis due to CLDN16 mutations.

Background: Familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) is a rare autosomal recessive tubular disorder exhibiting a high risk for progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: This is a retrospective multicentre study of 25 paediatric cases with FHHNC in Poland. Median age at diagnosis was 4 years and median follow-up time was 4.

[No effect of rituximab in pediatric case of severe nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomeruloslerosis accompanied by renal insufficiency].

Resistance to steroids and immunosuppression in pediatric nephrotic syndrome may be related to focal segmental glomeruloslerosis (FSGS). Rituximab, monoclonal anti-B-CD20-cell antibody is currently regarded as novel effective drug in selected cases. We describe the case of 8-years-old male pediatric patient, resistant to combined immunosuppression and presenting renal insufficiency (GFR 32.

[Genetic conditions of synthesis of selected cytokines in children with nephrotic syndrome].

In this study a genetic determination of some cytokines synthesis is presented in group of 23 children with various kinds of nephrotic syndrome (NS). The gene polymorphisms of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-10, INF-gamma were identified using PCR-SSP method combined with the measurement of levels of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-10, INF-gamma synthesis. The differences in occurring frequency of high, middle and low genotypes TNF-alpha, TGF-beta and IL-6 synthesis between children with NS and control group were revealed.