Antibiotics Amoxicillin, Ampicillin and Their Mixture-Impact on Bacteria, Fungi, Ostracods and Plants.

Ampicillin (AMP) and amoxicillin (AMX) are popular antibiotics, which are penicillin derivatives, and are used in both human and veterinary medicine. In the conducted study, AMP, AMX and their mixtures did not cause major changes in the total bacterial counts in soil samples, and even an increase in the bacterial counts from 3,700,000 to 6,260,000 colony-forming units (cfu) per gram of soil dry weight (g of soil DW) was observed for minimal amounts of these drugs in the soil. The total abundance of fungi, on the other hand, increased from values ranging from 17,000 to 148,000 cfu∙g of soil DW to a level of 32,000 to 131,000 cfu∙g of soil DW.

Drugs in the environment - Impact on plants: A review.

Medicines, like food, are necessities. Many of the commonly used pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics and NSAIDs end up in the environment and are detected in it (especially in water) at concentrations in the ng·L- μg·L range. Although the concentrations of individual drugs in the environment are low, their high biological activity can cause them to be toxic to the environment.

Nuclear energy acceptance in Poland: From societal attitudes to effective policy strategies-Network modeling approach.

Poland is currently undergoing substantial transformation in its energy sector, and gaining public support is pivotal for the success of its energy policies. We conducted a study with 338 Polish participants to investigate societal attitudes towards various energy sources, including nuclear energy and renewables. Applying a novel network approach, we identified a multitude of factors influencing energy acceptance.

Ionic Liquids as Environmental Pollutants-Analysis of the Effect of Tetrabutylammonium Chloride on the Growth and Development of Wheat and Cucumber.

Ionic liquids are a huge group of chemical compounds that have found, or may, in the future, find, applications in various industries. These compounds are characterized by excellent physical, chemical, and biological properties, but a big problem is their environmental impact. One of the representatives of this group of compounds is tetrabutylammonium chloride ([TBA][Cl]).

Ecotoxicity and bioremediation potential assessment of soil from oil refinery station area.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity and biodegradation potential of oil hydrocarbons contaminated soil samples obtained from different depths at an oil refinery station area. An approach involving chemical, microbiological, respirometry and ecotoxicity assessment of soil polluted by oil hydrocarbons was adopted, in order to determine the biodegradability of pollutants and ecotoxicological effects of natural attenuation strategy.

Methods: The ecotoxicity of soil samples was evaluated using an ostracod test kit and a seed germination test.

Validation of the test for detecting SARS--CoV-2 antigens in the Polish population in patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection.

In December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that China had accumulated pneumonia of unclear etiology in Wuhan. According to WHO recommendations, in strictly defined situations, antigen tests can be implemented into the diagnostic algorithm to reduce the number of molecular tests performed and support the rapid identification and treatment of COVID-19 patients. According to WHO recommendations, the antigen test for diagnostic use should have a sensitivity of ≥ 80% and a specificity of ≥ 97% compared to molecular tests (NAAT).

Reaction of spring barley seedlings and H. incongruens crustaceans to the presence of acetylsalicylic acid in soil.

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is one of the more commonly used analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory as well as anticoagulant drugs available in the OTC (over the counter) segment. Due to the considerable use of this drug, an attempt was made to determine the effect of ASA on the crustacean Heterocypris incongruens and the monocotyledonous plant spring barley. The tested compounds were introduced into soil in which these organisms "lived".

Effect of diclofenac and naproxen and their mixture on spring barley seedlings and Heterocypris incongruens.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a popular group of drugs used worldwide. These drugs are also available over the counter, which implies that their consumption is not strictly regulated. They are released through wastewater and feces and can have adverse effects on the environment.

Enzymatic Activity and Its Relationship with Organic Matter Characterization and Ecotoxicity to of Soil Samples Exposed to Tetrabutylphosphonium Bromide.

This study aimed to determine the impact of tetrabutylphosphonium bromide [TBP][Br] on the soil environment through an experiment on loamy sand samples. The tested salt was added to soil samples at doses of 0 (control), 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg kg dry matter (DM). During the experiment, the activity of selected enzymes involved in carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen cycles, characteristics of organic matter with Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and toxicity of soil samples in relation to were determined at weekly intervals.

The reaction of cucumber to the introduction of ionic liquids into the soil.

This paper presents the influence of two bromides, tetrabutylammonium and tetrabutylphosphonium, on the growth and development of cucumber seedlings. The tests were performed at two dates, i.e.

Effect of Rhamnolipids on Microbial Biomass Content and Biochemical Parameters in Soil Contaminated with Coal Tar Creosote.

The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of rhamnolipids on the microbial biomass content and the activity of dehydrogenases (DHA), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and urease (URE) in soil contaminated with two types of coal tar creosote: type C and type GX-Plus. The experiment was carried out on samples of sandy clay loam under laboratory conditions. Coal tar creosote was added to soil samples at a dose of 0 and 10 g·kg DM, along with rhamnolipids at a dose of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg·kg DM.

Ecotoxicity of ammonium chlorophenoxyacetate derivatives towards aquatic organisms: Unexpected enhanced toxicity upon oxygen by sulfur replacement.

Phenoxyacetate herbicides, such as 2,4-D and MCPA, having a high toxicity to non-target organisms are commonly used for controlling broadleaf weeds in agriculture. However, novel and environmentally friendly analogs are constantly sought after. For this purpose, various substituents at the phenyl group have been tested to find the optimal balance between the potent herbicidal activity and safety for non-target species.

Neonatal survival and kidney function after prenatal interventions for obstructive uropathies.

Objectives: Prenatal interventions in LUTO (lower urinary tract obstruction) usually are still question of a debate between gynaecologist and paediatric nephrologist. We aimed the study to assess the early survival rate and renal outcome in LUTO foetuses.

Material And Methods: The study was a prospective data analysis of 39 foetuses from singleton pregnancies.

Phytotoxicity of ionic liquids.

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been one of the most interesting chemical entities over the last two decades and have been investigated by numerous scientists all over the world. However, during IL research, it has been shown that these compounds present toxicity to both terrestrial and aquatic plants, among others. The phytotoxicity of ILs depends on the type of cation, the length of the alkyl chain in the substituent or enantioselectivity, on the concentration used, and, it appears that the type of anion may also have an impact on toxicity.

Effect of amyloid curli fibrils and curli CsgA monomers from Escherichia coli on in vitro model of intestinal epithelial barrier stimulated with cytokines.

Amyloid curli fibrils produced by Escherichia coli are well-known virulence factor influencing E. coli adhesion and biofilm formation. However, the impact of curli on intestinal epithelial barrier stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines is unknown.

Biochemical Responses of Wheat Seedlings on the Introduction of Selected Chiral Ionic Liquids to the Soils.

In this study, new chiral ionic liquids (CILs) were obtained from the natural-origin material (1 R,2 S,5 R)-(-)-menthol. The physicochemical characteristics of the studied imidazolium salts were investigated. The obtained 3-ethyl-1-[(1 R,2 S,5 R)-(-)-menthoxy-methyl]imidazolium salts are nonvolatile, nonflammable, and stable in air, in contact with water, and in commonly used organic solvents.

Intestinal epithelial barrier: The target for pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains are included in 9 pathotypes (pathovars) that present different virulence factors responsible for the patomechanism of infections they cause. As all other intestinal pathogens, E. coli exerts a significant effect on intestinal epithelium.

Ammonium haloacetates - An alternative to glyphosate?

This study shows the design, synthesis and evaluation of eco(phyto)toxic and herbicidal activities of quaternary ammonium salts (QASs), derived from haloacetic acids, in context of the search for safer alternatives to the commonly used herbicide, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate). The structure of the investigated QASs refers to the heteroatom sequence in the anion of glyphosate in which the (P-C)-N nitrogen atom was replaced by one or more halogens (F, Cl). The ecotoxicity of the synthesized QASs was tested against luminescent marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri (Microtox test) and the crustaceans Heterocypris incongruens (Ostracodtoxkit F™).

Role of cation structure in the phytotoxicity of ionic liquids: growth inhibition and oxidative stress in spring barley and common radish.

The present study determines the influence of three ionic liquids (ILs) containing cations with diversified structure on the growth and development of spring barley seedlings and common radish leaves. Increasing amounts of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate [Pyrrol][PF], 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium hexafluorophosphate [Piper][PF], and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate [Pyrid][PF] were added to the soil on which both plants were cultivated. The results of this studies showed that the applied ILs were highly toxic for plants, demonstrated by the inhibition of length of plant shoots and roots, decrease of fresh mass, and increase of dry weight content.

Growth inhibition and efficiency of the antioxidant system in spring barley and common radish grown on soil polluted ionic liquids with iodide anions.

Ionic liquids (ILs) constitute a huge group of substances that are increasingly common in the commercial use. This situation may lead to the contamination of the soil environment which being the basic of plants vegetation. This paper presents the effect of four ILs with I anion on the growth and development of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L.

Effect of Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Fluorine Atoms on Selected Weed Species.

This study investigated the effects of four structurally different quaternary ammonium salts (QASs), i.e., tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate [TBA][BF], tetrahexylammonium tetrafluoroborate [THA][BF], tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate [TBA][PF], and tetrahexylammonium hexafluorophosphate [THA][PF], on the growth and development of three weed species: gallant soldier (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.

Comparison of the effect of ionic liquids containing hexafluorophosphate and trifluoroacetate anions on the inhibition of growth and oxidative stress in spring barley and common radish.

Ionic liquids are a group of chemical compounds with chemical properties that are of great interest to various fields of science and industry. However, commercial use of these substances raises concern because they may threaten the natural ecosystems. The present study used 2 types of (-)-menthol-containing imidazolium chiral ionic liquids: 1-[(1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthoxymethyl]-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Im-Men][PF ] and 1-[(1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthoxymethyl]-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate [Im-Men][CF CO ].

The effect of the number of alkyl substituents on imidazolium ionic liquids phytotoxicity and oxidative stress in spring barley and common radish seedlings.

Increasing amounts of two ILs: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF] and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMMIM][PF], were introduced to soil in which spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.

Oxidative stress in spring barley and common radish exposed to quaternary ammonium salts with hexafluorophosphate anion.

Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), including ionic liquids (ILs), constitute a huge group of substances, which due to their desirable physical and chemical properties still attracts great interest in many industrial sectors. An increased concentration of this compound in the environment may lead to the contamination of the natural environment and may pose a potential threat to all organisms, including terrestrial higher plants. The present study demonstrates the interaction of three QAS with PF6(-) anions - tetramethylammonium [TMA][PF6], tetrabutylammonium [TBA][PF6], and tetrahexylammonium [THA][PF6] hexafluorophosphates - and its impact on the physiological and biochemical changes in spring barley seedlings and common radish plants.

Evaluation of the effect of tetraethylammonium bromide and chloride on the growth and development of terrestrial plants.

Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), which also include ionic liquids, constitute a vast group of chemical compounds that are increasingly common in the commercial use. This situation may lead to the contamination of the natural environment and may constitute a potential threat to all its elements, including terrestrial higher plants. This paper presents the effect of tetraethylammonium chloride [TEA][Cl] and tetraethylammonium bromide [TEA][Br] on the growth and development of spring barley and common radish.